广州市兽用抗生素的环境残留研究

畜禽废物中的抗生素可造成土壤及水体的抗生素污染,利用高效液相色谱及高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析了广州市代表性养殖场畜禽废物、施用畜禽粪土壤和鱼塘水中尼卡巴嗪、喹乙醇、四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、氯霉素类抗生素的含量。结果发现：猪粪、鸡粪中抗生素含量最高的均为四环素类,分别为123.76、14.59 mg.kg-1;含量最低的均为氯霉素类,分别为2.35μg.kg-1、0.08 mg.kg-1;小猪猪粪中抗生素的含量明显高于大猪。鱼塘水中抗生素含量较高的是四环素（5.16μg.L-1）与磺胺对甲氧嘧啶（4.78μg.L-1）,土霉素在所有样点中均未被检出。施用禽畜粪土壤中四环素类、喹诺酮类含量较高,分别为70.40、49.77μg.kg-1;磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑、甲砜霉素、氯霉素、喹乙醇均未被检出。粪样中的抗生素可导致土壤和水体的抗生素污染,TCs、QNs和NCZ可能对生态环境和人类健康安全的威胁更大。

Environmental Residues of Veterinary Antibiotics in Guangzhou City,China

The concentrations of nicarbazin,olaquindox,tetracyclines,sulfonamides,quinolones and chloramphenicols antibiotics in the farm animal waste,soil and pond water of Guangzhou City were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.We found that the concentrations of tetracyclines were the highest in both pig manure（123.76 mg·kg-1） and chicken manure（14.59 mg·kg-1）,and those of chloramphenicols were the lowest,with the level of 2.35 μg·kg-1 and 0.08 mg·kg-1 respectively.The piglet manure contained considerably higher antibiotics than fattening pig one.Tetracycline（5.16 μg·L-1） and sulfameter（4.78 μg·L-1） had the peak concentrations in water samples from fish ponds,however,oxytetracycline could not be detectable in all water samples.Soils amended with animal manures contained higher tetracyclines（70.40 μg·kg-1） and quinolones（49.77 μg·kg-1）.And,sulfamerazine,sulfameter,sulfamethoxazole,thiamphenicol,chloramphenicol,olaquindox were not detected in all soil samples.In conclusion,the residual antibiotics in animal manures might result in antibiotic contamination in both soil and fish pond,TCs,QNs and NCZ might have more threat on the ecological environment and human health.