多环芳烃污染土壤表面活性剂清洗及生物柴油强化

针对某焦化厂内高浓度多环芳烃污染土壤，以烷基苷（APG）、十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）和曲拉通X-100（TX100）为表面活性剂代表物，采用静态平衡法和高效液相色谱分析，探索采用单一及混合表面活性剂清洗修复多环芳烃污染土壤，并考察生物柴油对多环芳烃去除效果的影响。结果表明，单一表面活性剂对土壤中多环芳烃去除率顺序为SDBS〉APG〉TX100。APG／SDBS混合处理及TX100/SDBS为9：1混合处理提高了土壤中多环芳烃去除率，而APG／TX100混合处理没能提高多环芳烃去除率。生物柴油对TX100及TX100／SDBS去除多环芳烃效果没有明显提高，对APG及APG/TX100去除多环芳烃略有提高。当APG／SDBS为9：1时，生物柴油可以使多环芳烃去除率从（63．3±2．0）％提高到（75．6±2．0）％。单一表面活性剂、混合表面活性剂、及表面活性剂-生物柴油乳液对多环芳烃各组分去除率比较类似，对菲的去除率最高，茚并[1，2，3-d]芘次之，其余相对较低。因此，建议采用APG／SDBS＋生物柴油的混合体系对高浓度多环芳烃污染土壤进行修复。

Washing of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil Using Single and Mixed Surfactants and Removal Enhancement by Biodiesel

Single and mixed surfactants were used in this study as solubilization agents for remediation of soils contaminated with high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（ PAHs ）, and the effect of biodiesel on PAH removal by using single and mixed surfactants was also evaluated. A coking plant soil from Beijing with total PAH concentration of 190.6 mg ·kg^-1 was washed using alkylpolyglucosides （APG）, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate（SDBS）, Triton X-100 （TX 100）, and their binary mixtures at different ratios as representative surfactants. Soil washing experiments were conducted in glass bottles with the soil and solubilization agents（ 1% surfactant, with or without 2% biodiesel） at ratio of 1：5 （W/V）, and individual and total PAHs in the solubilization agents were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The order of total PAH removals from the coking plant soil using single surfactant was SDBS〉APG〉TX100, and the removals were（ 62.4±9.0）%, （55.4±1.5）% and （34.5±3.6）% respectively. A synergistic effect for PAH removal from the contaminated soil was observed for APG/SDBS and TX100/SDBS mixtures, as the PAH removals by these mixtures were higher than those calculated by using same amount of single corresponding solubilization agent, whereas APG/TX100 mixture did not show this synergistic effect. Among these solubilization systems, APG/SDBS mixture at ratio of 9：1 showed the highest total PAH removal of （63.3±2.0）%. Phenanthrene and indenopyrene showed the first two highest removals among individual PAH removals by the single surfactant systems. Total PAH removal from the contaminated soil was increased from （63.3±2.0）% to （75.6±2.0）% when 2% biodiesel was added to the APG/SDBS mixture at ratio of 9：1, showing that biodiesel had a good potential to improve PAH removal efficiency while using surfactant mixture. Similar to the APG/SDBS mixture, this solubilization system also demonstrated highest removals of phenanthrene and indenopyrene, （86.9±1.6）% and （67.5±17.0）% respectively. Thus the solubilization system containing APG/SDBS mixture and biodiesel was suggested in this study for remediation of industrial soils with high concentrations of PAHs.