外源重金属对杏鲍菇生长发育的影响研究

杏鲍菇是中国等亚洲国家广泛栽培的一种食用菌,培养基中重金属影响杏鲍菇的生长和品质。采用常规袋栽培技术,通过对杏鲍菇栽培过程中添加不同水平Pb、As、Hg和Cd,研究了其毒害效应、耐受性以及对生长发育、产量的影响。结果表明,在试验设置的浓度范围内,外源添加Pb、Hg、Cd的处理对杏鲍菇菌丝生长均产生抑制作用,菌丝生长速度最低值分别比空白对照降低了24.0%、31.0%、18.7%;但浓度为5～50mg.kg-1的As可能会促进菌丝生长,且添加As的处理促进杏鲍菇提早出菇。杏鲍菇对4种重金属的耐性指数排列顺序为As〉Cd〉Pb〉Hg。添加一定浓度的重金属可导致杏鲍菇细胞变形、细胞壁溶解,且细胞质中形成大量黑色颗粒状结晶异物。因此,在杏鲍菇栽培中应控制其培养料中的重金属含量。

Effect of Exogenous Heavy Metals on Growth and Development of Pleurotus eryngii

Pleurotus eryngii is widely cultivated in China and other Asia countries,the growth and quality of P.eryngii can be affected by heavy metals in culture medium.The paper mainly studied the inhibited effects,tolerance index,growth and development of exogenous heavy metals on P.eryngii by the way to mixed different concentrations of As,Pb,Hg and Cd with culture medium during cultivated period.The results indicated that mycelium growth of P.eryngii was inhibited by the addition of exogenous Pb、Hg and Cd in medium,and the minimum mycelium growth speeds under the treatments were 24.0%、31.0%、18.7% lower than that of the control in the predetermined concentration range.However,the addition of As at the concentration of 5~50 mg·kg-1 accelerated the mycelium growth and advanced the fruiting time.The tolerance of P.eryngii to the heavy metals was AsCdPbHg.Addition of the heavy metals could cause the changes of cell ultrastructure of P.eryngii,including cytomorphosis,cell wall lysis,and formation of large amouts of black granular crystals in cytoplasm.Consequently,it was essential to control the concentrations of heavy metals in culture medium of P.eryngii.