麦秸还田对水稻产量及地表径流NPK流失的影响

在大田试验条件下,以水稻品种运2645为供试材料,设置常规处理（A）、麦秸还田（B）、麦秸还田减肥（C）、肥料运筹（D）和旋耕（E）5个处理组合,研究不同处理对水稻产量及农田地表径流NPK流失的影响。结果表明：（1）麦秸还田使水稻产量比常规处理增加3.0%左右;（2）试验年度稻季农田总地表径流水量为4.3×103m3·hm-2;（3）麦秸还田减肥和麦秸还田处理比其处理明显降低农田地表径流水体NPK流失量,不同处理地表径流总N流失量由低到高依次为麦秸还田减肥、麦秸还田、常规处理、肥料运筹和旋耕,不同处理地表径流总P和K的流失量由低到高依次为麦秸还田减肥、麦秸还田、肥料运筹、常规处理和旋耕;（4）麦秸还田能够降低稻田地表径流NPK的流失率,但麦秸还田减肥处理由于流失量减小幅度远低于肥料施用量的减小幅度,其NPK流失率均表现为最高;（5）麦秸还田使水稻产量略有增加,使稻田地表径流水体NPK流失量和流失率均明显降低。

Effects of Wheat Straw Return on Rice Yield and the N P K Loss with Overland Runoff

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of wheat straw return on rice yield, total nitrogen（N）, total phosphorus（P）, Kalium（K） loss quantity and N P K loss rate with overland runoff. The rice cultivar of Yun 2645 was field-grown. Five treatments such as conventional measurement（A）, wheat straw return（B）, wheat straw return with reducing fertilizer（C）, fertilizer application（D）, rotational tillage system（E） were conducted. The results showed that：（1）Compared conventional measurement, wheat straw return increased rice yield by 3.0%.（2）Total overland runoff of farmland in rice season was 4.3 × 103 m3·hm-2 in this research season.（3）Wheat straw return significantly reduced N P K loss quantity with overland runoff. In terms different treatments, the order of total N loss quantity was C B A D E, and both the order of total P K loss quantity were C B D A E.（4）Wheat straw return reduced N P K loss rate with overland runoff; for the decreasing rate of NPK loss quantity was far lower than that of the amount of fertilizer application, with reducing fertilizer the N P K loss rate of wheat straw return showed the highest.（5）Wheat straw return slightly increased rice yield, but significantly reduced N P K loss quantity and N P K loss rate with overland runoff in rice season.