新鲜猪沼液和牛沼液对农作物病原真菌抑制作用的比较研究

本试验在实验室条件下,研究大中型沼气工程猪沼和牛沼两种沼液原液及其离心上清液对大豆尖孢镰刀菌、大豆菌核病菌、小麦纹枯病菌、小麦根腐病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、玉米大斑病菌和玉米小斑病菌等7种农作物病原真菌的抑制作用。结果表明：猪沼原液和牛沼原液对其中的大豆尖孢镰刀菌、大豆菌核病菌、小麦纹枯病菌、小麦根腐病菌和水稻纹枯病菌5种病原真菌具有较好的抑制作用,其菌丝生长抑制率均在72%以上,但对玉米大斑病菌和玉米小斑病菌的菌丝生长基本没有抑制作用;相比之下,猪沼和牛沼离心上清液对以上5种病菌的菌丝生长抑制作用明显减弱,除猪沼离心上清液对大豆菌核病菌的菌丝生长抑制率大于70%以外,试验中猪沼和牛沼离心上清液对实验病原菌的菌丝生长抑制率基本都在60%以下。试验结果显示猪沼液和牛沼液对农作物病原真菌具有潜在的植物病害防治作用,为养殖场大中型沼气工程沼液应用新技术的开发提供科学依据。

Comparison of Inhibiting Effects Between Fresh Effluents of Anaerobically Digested Piggery Waste and Anaerobically Digested Dairy Waste on Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Fresh effluents from medium-to large-size biogas digesters with feedstock of piggery waste and dairy waste were collected separately to investigate the inhibitory effects on seven common plant pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium oxysporum, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizotonia cerealis, Bipolaris sorokinianum, Rhizoctonia solani, Exserohilum turcicum, and Bipolaris maydis in a laboratory study. The anaerobic digester effluents of piggery waste（ADEP） and dairy waste（ ADED ） and their corresponding centrifuged supernatant liquid（ CSL ） were added into a 100 mL PDA culture medium at rate of 5% respectively, and evenly mixed when the temperature of PDA medium dropped to 45-50 ℃. A pathogenic fungi patch of 5 mm diameter were planted on the medium center in Petri dishes, then incubated at a temperature of 25 ℃ or 28 ℃ for 7 days. The fungus colonies were measured using the vernier caliper every 24 h after fungus inoculation during entire testing period, and the inhibitory effects of ADEP, ADED and corresponding CSL on the fungi were calculated and compared. Both fresh ADEP and ADED originals exhibited distinct inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizotonia cerealis, Bipolaris sorokinianum, Rhizoctonia solani, with inhibitory rates more than 72%, but almost no inhibiting effects on the growth of Exserohilum turcicum and Bipolaris maydis; By contrast, both CSLs showed weaker inhibitory effects than the corresponding original effluents, the inhibitory rates of both CSLs on the five fungi were almost less than 60%, except that the inhibitory rate of the CSL of ADEP original on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were observed more than 70%. The results implicated that anaerobic digester effluents had the potential of plant disease control, which might lead to the development of a new avenue for anaerobic digester effluents utilization.