黔中废弃煤矿区酸性排水污染特征及对作物种苗生长的影响

通过对贵阳市花溪区麦坪乡废弃煤矿区酸性排水进行样品收集与分析,探讨煤矿酸性排水的污染特征及对作物种苗生长的影响。研究结果表明,在煤矿附近50～350m距离内溪沟水pH变化达2.35～6.3,污染物主要以SO24-、Fe、Mn为主;矸石堆洼地蓄积水完全抑制两种植物的萌发;距井口50m溪沟水和距井口30m农田水处理油菜都表现为种子发芽后发霉死亡;距井口100m处溪沟水和距井口30m农田水处理油菜和水稻的种子发芽率、幼苗鲜重和干重、发芽指数和简化活力指数与对照（蒸馏水处理）之间均存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）。煤矿酸性排水胁迫下,水稻各项指标变幅低于油菜,说明物种耐性强度为水稻〉油菜。

Pollution Characteristics of Acid Drainage Within an Abandoned Coal Mine Area in Central Guizhou Province and Its Effects on Plant Seedlings Growth

Coal mine acid drainage was collected and analyzed in abandoned coal mine area from Maiping Township of Huaxi District, Guiyang City to study the pollution characteristics and its effects on the growth of plant seedlings. The results showed that pH value scope of the river was 2.35 ~ 6.30 and main pollutants in the river were SO2-4, Fe and Mn in 50～350 meters of distance away from coal mine wellhead. The germination test showed that seed germination of rice and rape was remarkably inhibited when the seeds were treated by accumulated water in the low-lying area of gangue yard. All rape seeds treated by river water in 50 meters of distance or paddy water in 30 meters of distance away from the coal mine wellhead were moldy and then died after germination. The values of germination energy, seedlings′fresh weight and dry weight, germination index and vigor index of two varieties treated by river water in 100 meters of distance or paddy water in 30 meters of distance away from coal mine wellhead reached significant difference level（P0.01） compared with the control treatment（distilled water）. The amplitude differences of index of rice seeds were lower than those of rape. The experiment data suggested that rice had stronger fastness than rape under the impact of coal mine acid drainage.