含油污泥的堆肥处理对微生物群落结构的影响

采用堆肥方法处理含油污泥,评价堆肥处理对含油污泥中石油烃的去除效果,并采用Biolog方法和构建16SrRNA基因克隆文库的方法对处理过程中微生物碳源利用特征和微生物群落结构进行了研究。结果表明,含油污泥经过90d的堆肥处理,石油烃降解率达53.3%±9.5%,显著高于对照处理。堆肥处理可以显著促进石油烃降解,是一种处理含油污泥的有效措施。Biolog分析结果表明,堆肥处理的孔的平均颜色变化率（AWCD）显著高于对照处理,堆肥处理提高了土壤微生物代谢活性。主成分分析结果表明,对照处理和堆肥处理的微生物碳源利用特征明显不同,堆肥处理改变了含油污泥中微生物的代谢功能特征。对照处理和堆肥处理的16SrRNA基因克隆文库之间存在显著差异,对照处理的优势类群是γ-Proteobacteria,堆肥处理的优势类群是Bacteroidetes,堆肥处理显著改变了含油污泥中的微生物群落结构。Marinobacter和Alcanivorax是对照处理中的优势菌,可能与石油烃的自然降解过程有关,而Pusillimonas和Agrobacterium可能对堆肥处理中石油烃的降解起一定作用。

Impact of the Treatment of Oily Sludge on Microbial Communities Structure by Composting

The degradation dynamics of total petroleum hydrocarbon （TPH） and the structure of microbial communities were investigated in the process of eomposting oily sludge. The removal efficiency of TPH in oily sludge was 53.3%±9.5% with compost treatment after 90 d incubation, which was significantly higher than that with control treatment（P〈0.05 ）. Average well color development（AWCD ） of Biolog ECO plates showed that there were significant differences of carbon substrate utilization patterns between two treatments （P〈0.05）. The high AWCD value of compost treatment suggested that the soil microbial activity was enhanced by eomposting, which might be responsible for the enhanced degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon. The principal components analysis of the Biolog data indicated that two treatments were clearly separated from each other. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis indicated that dominant populations of microbial community in the control and composting treatment were T-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes respectively. Marinobacter and Alcanivorax which were abundant in the control treatment might naturally monitor degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon, and PusiUimonas and Agrobacterium which were rich in the composting treatment might also involve in the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon.