土方机械落物保护结构动态仿真及试验

简述了土方机械落物保护结构的特点及性能要求,建立了落物保护结构受瞬态冲击响应的有限元结构动力学方程并提出了求解算法。以某装载机落物保护结构为例,建立了落物保护结构的非线性有限元模型,讨论了有限元网格划分及载荷施加方法,分析了落物保护结构的主要设计参数对冲击点最大位移及落锤速度和加速度的影响,并给出了更合理的结构。在试验台上对该装载机落物保护结构进行了落物冲击试验,试验结果和仿真结果吻合较好。落物保护结构的动态仿真为结构的设计提供了依据。

Impacted Dynamic Simulation and Test of Falling Object Protective Structures of Earth-machinery

The characteristics and the performance requirement of falling object protective structures (FOPS) of earth-machinery are introduced in this paper. The dynamic equations of the impacting process of the falling object protective structure are established, and the solving algorithm of nonlinear dynamic simulation is put forward. A typical FOPS of wheel loader is taken as an example, the nonlinear finite element model of the FOPS is set up and the meshing technique and loading method are discussed. Through numerical simulation, the influence of different design parameters on the largest plastic deformation of the top cover and on the drop hammer's velocity and acceleration are analyzed. The falling object experiment is carried out on the test equipment, the simulation results are accord well with those of the experiment. The dynamic simulation of FOPS will provide the basis for the structural design.