山药根腐病菌(Fusarium solani)的生物学特性

【目的】对四川雅安山药根腐病主要致病菌腐皮镰孢菌[Fusarium solani]的生物学特性进行研究。【方法】研究不同温度、pH、光照、碳源、氮源和微量元素对该病原菌菌丝生长、分生孢子产生和萌发的影响。【结果】结果表明,腐皮镰孢菌菌丝适宜生长温度为10～40℃,最适温度为30℃;适宜pH范围为4～10,最适碳源为蔗糖,最适氮源为蛋白胨,且在连续光照条件下生长较佳。不同微量元素对菌丝生长和孢子萌发产生作用不同,Mg2+有利于病菌产孢,Zn2+抑制菌落生长和产孢。孢子萌发最适温度为30℃,连续光照,分生孢子和菌丝的最低致死温度为60℃,处理时间为10min。【结论】该病原菌对酸碱度不敏感,不同微量元素对病原菌生长有促进或抑制的作用,生物学特性的研究结果为进一步防治山药根腐病奠定了理论基础。

Biological Characteristics of the Pathogen of Root Rot of Yam

【Objective】 The biological characteristics of Fusarium solani,the main pathogen of yam root rot of Yaan city,Sichuan province,were researched.【Method】 Studied the effect of different temperature,pH,illumination,carbon source,nitrogen source,microelements and the lethal temperature of hypha and the conidiospore on the hypha,sporulation and conidiospore germination.【Results】 The results indicated that the suitable temperature and pH for the pathogen hypha growth were from 10 to 40 ℃ and 4 to 10,respectively,from which the optimum was 30 ℃ and grew better in full illumination conditions.The most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources were sucrose and peptone respectively,different microelements resulted in different effects on the mycelia growth and spore germination.Mg2+ was conducive to spore germination,and Zn2+ inhibited the mycelia growth and spore germination.The most optimum temperature for conidia germination was 30 ℃ at full illumination conditions.The mycelial and conidium lethal temperature were 60 ℃ and treated about 10 minutes.【Conclusion】 The pathogen is not sensitive to pH,and different microelements could inhibit or promote the growth of pathogen.The result of the biological characteristics can lay a theoretical foundation for further control of yam root rot.