旱地小麦不同栽培条件对土壤水分利用效率的影响

在陕西渭北旱原进行了连续3 a定点小麦田间试验,通过栽培模式,氮肥水平,种植密度的不同处理,对各年度播前、收获后2 m土层贮水量,生育期降水量,籽粒产量,生物产量等进行了调查研究,结果表明不同栽培模式对土壤水分利用效率有显著影响,地膜覆盖模式的生物水分利用效率显著高于常规种植和秸秆覆盖模式,地膜覆盖能提高作物产量和降低土壤水分损耗,干旱地区降水量高的年份采用垄沟模式及秸秆覆盖模式对小麦产量产生负效应,秸秆覆盖模式的生物水分利用效率显著高于常规种植;种植密度对籽粒产量土壤水分利用效率影响不明显,但对生物产量土壤水分利用效率影响明显。施用氮肥极显著提高了土壤水分利用效率,增施氮肥提高了籽粒产量,但籽草比降低。干旱地区小麦生产中,以氮促水是解决干旱地区土壤水分紧缺的重要措施之一。

Effects of Different Wheat Cultivation Methods on Soil Moisture Use-efficiency in Dryland Soil

Has carried on continuously three years fixed-point wheat field test in Weibei dryland of Shaanxi province,Through the cultivation modules,the nitrogenous fertilizer level,the wheat density different processing,before the seedtime,after the harvest various years the 2m soil layer water capacity,the period of duration precipitation,the grain yield,investigation and study and so on biological yield,finally indicated that the different cultivation modules has the remarkable influence to the soil moisture using the efficiency,the plastic film mulching modules biological moisture content remarkably is higher than the conventional planter and the straw stalk cover modules using the efficiency,the mulching plastic cover can enhance the crops yield and reduce the soil moisture to lose,the arid area precipitation high year uses the furrow modules and the straw stalk cover modules has the negative effect to the wheat yield,the straw stalk cover module biological moisture content remarkably is higher than the conventional plant using the efficiency;The plant density is not obvious to the grain yield soil moisture use efficiency influence,but is obvious to the biological yield soil moisture use efficiency influence.The nitrogenous fertilizer extremely remarkably enhanced the soil moisture use efficiency, increased executes the nitrogenous fertilizer to enhance the grain yield,but the seed grass compared to occurred reduced,in the arid area wheat production,to the nitrogen pressed the water solves one of arid area soil moisture scarce question important measures.