彩色棉品质性状的遗传效应研究

本研究选用了5个产量、品质性状差异较大的彩色棉品种以及1个白絮棉品种，采用不完全双列杂交交配设计(6×5/2)产生杂交一代15个组合以及6个自交亲本，考查了籽棉产量、皮棉产量和5个纤维品质性状，采用加性－显性遗传模型和统计分析方法(朱军，1997)分析了以上资料。结果表明：彩色棉纤维长度以基因的加性效应为主，纤维强度、整齐度、伸长率和细度的显性方差与加性方差相当。彩色棉品质性状的狭义遗传率变幅为9.58%(伸长率)~87.01%(纤维长度)。紫絮棉和彩8在纤维长度、强度以及伸长率上都具有正的GCA效应，以它们作亲本可以明显改善后代的纤维品质，是彩色棉品质育种的有效亲本，对优质白棉的利用则会大大改善杂交彩色棉的产量和品质。组合紫絮棉×彩9-1、红叶棕絮×彩8、红叶棕絮×白棉、彩8×彩9-1、彩8×白棉等5个组合在品质上具有较强的SCA效应。上述亲本和组合在彩色棉育种以及杂交棉选育中可以有目的地加以利用。彩色棉与白色棉杂交后代的纤维强度具强的杂种优势，甚至有的组合超过纤维强度好的白色棉亲本。

Study on the Genetic Effects of Quality Traits in Naturally Colored Cotton

Fifteen F1 combinations crossed among 5 naturally colored cotton and 1 fiber white cotton different in yield components or fiber quality parameters according to half diallel crossing design (6×5/2) were used to evaluate the genetic effects of fiber quality. The experiment data processing was conducted by using additive-dominant genetic model (Zhu, 1997). The main results were as follows: The fiber length of naturally colored cotton was mainly controlled by the additive effects and could be improved by selection in early generations. While the fiber strength, the uniformity ration, the fiber elongation and micronaire were controlled by additive effects and dominant effects equivalently, and the improvement would be better for these traits by selecting in later generation. The heritability of the fiber quality parameters were 9.58% (fiber elongation) ~ 87.01% (fiber length). The relationships among uniformity ration, fiber strength and fiber length with positive additive correlations mainly could mainly be used in indirect selection of colored cotton breeding.