玉米双垄沟覆膜节水集水灌溉栽培技术研究

[目的]研究双垄沟覆膜节水集水栽培技术,为解决我国北方因春季干旱和夏季少雨而严重影响玉米正常播种和玉米苗期正常生长问题提供参考。[方法]将玉米大垄双行覆膜机械化栽培技术、地膜玉米双垄沟栽培技术和玉米灌后覆膜栽培技术组合起来,提出玉米双垄沟覆膜节水集水灌溉栽培技术的设想。[结果]通过理论探讨可知,节水效果明显,播种前种床补水灌溉补水量为30~50m3/hm2,播种时注水量为40~90 m3/hm2。集水效果好,占大垄50%以上面积的雨水可以集中到双垄沟内。增产效果明显,单产可达10 000~13 000 kg/hm2,增产幅度可达35%以上。该项技术适用于降雨量在350 mm以上、春季蒸发量比较大、灌溉水源比较少的地方。[结论]玉米双垄沟覆膜节水集水灌溉栽培技术是可行的。

Research on the Technique of Filming Maize Double Furrows to Save Water and Gather Water for Irrigation and Cultivation

[Objective] The research aimed to study the technique of filming maize double furrows to save water and gather water for irrigation and cultivation,providing reference for the study of solving the problems of affecting corn seeding normally and corn growing normally at seeding stage because of the spring dry and summer rain lack.[Method] Combining the mechanized cultivating technique of filming big and double ridges with the cultivating technique of filming double furrows and with the cultivating technique of filming after irrigating,the author put forward the thought of the irrigating and cultivating technique of filming double furrows for saving and gathering water.[Result] Based on the theory,the result of saving water was obvious.Replenishing water to the seed beds before seeding,the amount of water was 30-50 m3/hm2.At the seeding time,the amount of water was 40-90 m3/hm2.The result of gathering water was good.The over 50% rain water in the area of big ridges could be gathered into the double furrows.The result of increasing production was obvious.Unit production could be up to 10 000-13 000 kg/hm2.The extent of increasing production could be up to over 35%.This technique could be used to the area where the amount of evaporation was very big and the water source was very short.[Conclusion] The irrigating and cultivating technique of filming double furrows for saving and gathering water was feasible.