国外种质×国内种质玉米单交种产量构成性状的遗传分析

应用莫惠栋最新提出的p q 2pq交配设计及其分析方法,研究84个玉米杂交组合及其13个亲本的株型、穗型、粒型等14个性状的遗传机制。结果表明:株高、叶夹角、穗长、穗粗、秃尖、结实长、穗行数、行粒数、容重、子粒长、子粒厚11个性状的遗传符合加性-显性模型,穗粗、穗行数、容重、子粒长、子粒厚以加性效应为主;穗位、百粒重、子粒宽的遗传符合加性-显性-上位性模型,其中子粒宽以上位性效应为主;除容重、子粒厚外,各性状的显性方向为正向显性;除子粒宽、子粒厚外,各性状还受到细胞质效应的影响;狭义遗传力排序为子粒长>子粒宽>容重>穗行数>穗粗>子粒厚>百粒重>株高>穗位>叶夹角>穗长>秃尖>结实长>行粒数。

Genetic Analysis on Yield Traits in the Hybrids of Foreign Germplasm × Domestic Germplasm in Maize

According to the last p q 2pq mating design and analysis method proposed by Mo Huidong, the genetic control of 14 traits which include plant structure, ear shape, kernel dimensions etc, were studied with 84 maize hybrids and their 13 parents lines. The results indicated that the inheritance of plant height, leaf angle, ear length, ear width, barren ear tip length, ear length with kernels, ear rows, kernels per row, unit weight, kernel length, kernel thickness accorded with additive-dominant genetic model, additive effect played the major role in the traits of ear width, ear rows, unit weight, kernel length and thickness. The heredity of ear insertion, hundred kernel weight and kernel width fitted to the additive-dominant-epistatic genetic model, but kernel width was more inclined to additive inheritance. Apart from unit weight and kernel thickness, all traits showed positive dominance. The cytoplasm effect was found in all the above traits except kernel width and thickness. According to narrow sense heredity ability, the studied traits could be ranked as kernel length> kernel width> unit weight> ear rows> ear width> kernel thickness> hundred kernel weight> plant height> ear insertion> leaf angle> ear length> barren ear tip length> ear length with kernels> kernels per row.