三峡库区玉米地方品种特异性状的筛选及其遗传研究

在三峡库区选取10个有代表性的玉米地方品种与10个骨干玉米自交系,进行主要性状的差异比较,并选择出群间差异显著的特异性状,采用不完全双列杂交设计,将地方品种与10个骨干玉米自交系进行测交。结果表明,地方品种较骨干自交系具有明显的丰产、抗倒、抗病特性;地方品种特异性状的遗传变异中,一般配合力比特殊配合力重要;丰产性与抗病性的遗传相关显著;采取利用加性效应为主的育种方案改良地方品种群体和构建杂种优势群,是开发利用地方品种的有效途径。

Study on the selection and heredity of specific traits of local maize variety in the dam area of Three Gorges

Comparative study on traits of maize between 10 local varieties in the dam area of Three Gorges and 10 elite inbreds was carried out,significantly different traits were chosen.Local maize varieties and 10 elite inbreds were testcrossed by 10×10 incomplete diallel cross.The result showed that local varieties are with higher yield,more resistant to lodging and disease,compared with the inbreds.There is more additive genectic effects in special traits of local maize varieties,the positive genotypic correlation is significant,efficient method of using local maize varieties is to establish heterotic group and improve population by utilizing additive genectic effects.