论地方渔民协会在我国海洋渔业可持续发展中的作用——来自海安老坝港镇捕捞协会的启示

近年来海洋渔业面临资源衰退、渔场减少、因渔民众多而监管成本高等问题，严重阻碍了我国海洋渔业经济的可持续发展。文章首先从交易成本的视觉对渔民协会在实现海洋渔业经济可持续发展中的作用进行了理论分析，然后以江苏海安县老坝港镇捕捞协会为对象，对理论推演的结论进行了实证检验。研究表明，老坝港捕捞渔民协会的成立，一方面能够在保证转业者福利不低于捕捞业的情况下，协助转业者寻找替代性就业机会，从而有利于降低捕捞业的劳动力人数，减轻对渔业资源的压力；另一方面能使政府在市场经济条件下提高管理效率、降低政府和渔民的交易成本，有利于促进海洋捕捞渔业的可持续发展。

On Functions of Fishermen' Association in the Process of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries Economy in China——A Case Study on Fishermen's Association in Laobagang Town in Hai'an County

Many problems, including the atrophy of natural resources, decrease of fishing ground, higher supervision costs on large number of fishermen, occurs in marine fisheries in China. These problems seriously undermine the process of sustainable development of marine fisheries. The functions of fishermen's association in the process of sustainable development of the industry were analyzed from the point of transaction cost economics in this article, and the related theories were checked by an case from Fishermen's Association in Laobagang Town in Hai'an County. The results showed that the establishment of the association can not only be beneficial to the reduction of the number of fishermen by helping them to find new jobs on the condition of maintaining their benefits, but also be helpful to government by improving her administrative efficiency, reducing transaction costs between government and fishermen. So the establishment of fishermen's association can promote the sustainable development of marine fisheries in China.