论黄土高原造林的适地适树与适地适林

适地适树是造林树种选择的重要原则之一。但多年来适地适树原则在造林中存在着一些矛盾现象。在同一立地条件下,一些树种散生时生长良好,但用于造林并不能正常成林。依据一些适地适树树种并不适宜造林的事实提出就造林而言应该强调适地适林。造林树种选择的适地适林原则是指选择既要适宜立地条件,又要适宜成林树种,在造林地建造有一定面积及适宜树种和林分结构的林地。要做到适地适林应依据植被地带性分布规律和树种的生物生态学、群落学特性及生态位理论,选择适宜成林的树种作为主要树种,并辅以相应的伴生种建立合理的林分(植物群落)结构。

A Discussion on Trees and Forest Suitability to Sites on the Loess Plateau

Consideration of tree suitability is critical when selecting species for afforestation. However, tree suitability can not be clearly defined. At the same site, some tree species grow well in scattered plantings, but do not grow well in pure stands. In reality, some species may be characteristically suitable for the site but not be suitable for forestation. The authors advance here that tree suitability including for forestation should be emphasised. The tree suitability concept has been based on aims to establish woodlands of considerable area using specific forest species and structure in areas adapted to woodlands. According as the principle of vegetation succession, bioecology, synecology and niche theory, it is necessary to select those species that can form stands as chief species. Such stands should be associated with companion plants to establish rational community structure.