利用远缘杂交培育半匍匐密枝型高产花生新品系

花生是我国重要的油料作物。为将野生花生的优异基因导入栽培花生，采用远缘杂交方法，将黑花生（A. hypogaea L.）与野生花生A. monticola 进行杂交，获得一个高产株系。该株系平均单株产量为普通花生的4倍，株型由亲本黑花生的直立、疏枝型转变为半匍匐、密枝型。另外，该株系生育期稍长，花量大，花色深，荚果数量多，单枝有效结果范围大约20～25cm。不同株系间荚果果型差异明显，大部分株系果型与黑花生相似。种皮颜色由粉到紫各不相同。种子大小差异明显。研究认为利用半匍匐密枝株型培育高产花生品系（种）是可行的。

Breeding of semi-sprawl and dense-branching high yield peanut by distant hybridization #br#

Peanut is an important oil crop in China. To introduce excellent genes of wild peanut into cultivated varieties, black peanut (A. hypogaea L.) and wild type peanut A. monticola were hybridized using distance hybridiza? tion, and a high-yielding line was obtained. The average yield per plant of this strain was 4 times higher than that of common peanut, and the plant architecture of the parent black peanut changed from erect-and-sparse-branching type to semi-sprawl-and-dense-branching type. In addition, this strain had a long growth period, large flower quan?tity, deep color, large number of pods, and the effective yield range of a single branch was about 20-25 cm. The pod type in most strains was similar to that of black peanut. The seed coat varies in color from pink to purple. There was a significant difference in seed size. It was feasible to cultivate high-yielding peanut strain (species) by using semisprawl- and-dense branch type.