油菜稀植栽培的产量形成及投入/产出效益研究

   为探究山区油菜稀植栽培的推广价值，在湖北省西南部的恩施州设计实验，以甘蓝型油菜品种中油杂12和阳光2009为材料，比较了油菜稀植移栽（D1，1.2万株/hm2）和常规移栽（D2，12万株/hm2）、密植直播（D2，37.5万株/hm2）三种不同种植方式对产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明，D1处理显著提高有效分枝数的数量，提高了株高，增加了茎粗，这些因素构成了产量提高的生物学基础。产量构成因素以单株角果数差异最为显著，D1单株角果数在3 000个以上，而D2为250~285个，D3为130~150个，同时，D1产量分别比D2、D3提高31.27%、26.63%，平均产量在3 000 kg/hm2以上。试验结果还表明，D1所需人工投入较少，分别比D2、D3降低39.5工/hm2、42.5工/hm2，从而使经济效益分别增加7 543.55元/hm2、5 535.73元/hm2，可显著提高投入产出比。因此，在湖北省的山区条件下，稀植移栽可降低生产成本，提高经济效益。

Yield and input/output benefits of sparse planting of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

    To explore the popularization value of sparse transplanting of rapeseed in mountain area of Enshi, Hubei Province, effects of 3 different planting methods on yield and economic benefits were studied using two rapeseed cultivars of Zhongyouza 12 and Yangguang 2009. The 3 planting methods were sparse-transplanting (D1, 1.2×104plants/hm2), conventional transplanting (D2, 12×104plants/hm2) and condensed planting (D3, 37.5×104 plants/hm2). Results showed that D1 treatment significantly increased the number of effective branches, plant height and stem diameter. These factors constituted a biological basis for high yield. Among the yield components, plant pod number showed the most significant difference. In D1, it was more than 3 000, 250-285 in D2, and 130-150 in D3. The yield in D1 was 31.27% and 26.63% higher than those of D2 and D3 respectively. The average yield in D1 was above 3 000 kg/hm2. Results also showed that the labor cost of D1 was 39.5/hm2 and 42.5/hm2 less than those of D2 and D3 respectively. Therefore the economic benefits increased by 7 543.55 yuan /hm2 and 5 535.73 yuan /hm2 respectively. D1 treatment significantly increased the input-output ratio. It suggested that sparse-transplanting reduced production costs and increased economic benefits in mountain area.