氮肥和磷肥用量对油菜开花性状的影响

通过田间试验研究了不同施氮量(0、75、150、225kg/hm^2)与施磷量(0、30、60、90、120kg/hm^2)对油菜花期、阶段性开花数、单花大小、单花开花持续时间的影响,为合理施肥推动油菜花经济提供依据。结果表明,增施氮肥能使油菜始花期提前和延长终花期,各施氮比不施氮处理延长花期23.2%～31.8%,且随着氮肥用量的提高有花期延长的趋势。施氮增加单株油菜整个生育期开花数131.6%～276.4%;增加花瓣长9.53%～15.96%,提高单花重1.07%～5.87%;延长单花开花持续时间1.96%～4.79%;除油菜整个生育期开花数在施氮225kg/hm^2时达到最大值外,以上开花性状均在施氮150kg/hm^2效果最好。增施磷肥能使油菜初花期提前并延长油菜终花期,随着磷肥用量的提高,各施磷比不施磷处理延长花期27.8%～50.4%;施磷增加单株油菜整个生育期开花数377.4%～736.7%;增加花瓣长8.01%～17.05%,提高单花重11.15%～31.82%;延长单花开花持续时间0.23%～2.15%;除施磷120kg/hm^2处理花期最长,整个生育期开花数最多外,以上开花性状均以施磷90kg/hm^2处理效果最好。在本试验条件下,施氮150kg/hm^2对延长油菜花期,提高单花性状效果最佳;施磷90kg/hm^2对增加油菜开花数,提高单花性状效果最佳。

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus application rate on flowering characteristics of oilseed rape

For longer flowering duration and to provide reasonableappropriate fertilization basis and tohe promoteion of oilseed rape flower economy, field experiment was conducted to explore the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) effects on flowering, including flowering phase, flower number, flower size, and single flower duration with different N application rates (0, 75, 150, 225 kg/hm2) and P application rate (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 kg/hm2) . Results showed that N application could increase the early flowering phase of oilseed rape and prolong the terminal flowering stage. Flowering period was extended by 23.2%-31.8% with the increase of N application rate. N application increased the number of flowers of the whole plant in the whole life by 131.6-276.4%. Petal length increased by 9.53-15.96%, and single flower weight by 1.07-5.87%. Single flowering duration increased by 1.96-4.79%. Total flowers number reached the peak at 225 kg/hm2 N level. While other traits above were the besat under 150 kg/hm2 N level. MoreHigher P application led to earlier flowering and prolonged the flowering duration over 27.8-50.4%. The flowers amountquantity increased by 377.4-736.7%, with petal length by 8.01-17.05%, and single flower weight by 11.15-31.82%, flowering duration by 0.2-2.2%. The longest flowering period was achieved at 120 kg/hm2 P level. Other traits were the best under 90 kg/hm2 P level. In summary,, under the present condition, 150 kg/hm2 N level and 90kg /hm2 P level were the most appropriate application rates for more flower and longer flowering periods.