鲜食玉米果穗收获机茎叶除杂装置设计

为解决鲜食玉米果穗收获中茎叶杂质较多问题,设计一种鲜食玉米茎叶除杂装置。确定关键部件主要结构和工作参数,阐述茎叶除杂装置总体结构及工作原理。通过分析果穗除杂装置清选除杂过程,确定影响其作业效果主要因素及其取值范围。以风机转速、动定刀重叠长度和物料输送速度为试验因素,以果穗含杂率和粉碎长度合格率为评价指标,得到不同条件下除杂装置结构参数与运动参数优化组合。结果表明,鲜食玉米茎叶除杂装置风机转速1 956～1 998 r·min~(-1)、动定刀重叠长度26.90～29.92 mm、物料输送速度0.59～0.83 m·s~(-1)时,相对应试验指标果穗含杂率为0.56%～0.59%、粉碎长度合格率为88.59%～89.27%,为鲜食玉米果穗收获机茎叶除杂装置设计生产提供理论指导。

Design of stalks and leaves cleaning device for fresh maize ear harvester

In order to solve the problem of a lot of impurities such as stalks and leaves in the ear harvest of fresh corn, a device for cleaning stalks and leaves in fresh maize harvester was designed.The main structural parameters and working parameters of key components were determined. The general of structure with the stalks and leaves cleaning device was described. The working principle was introduced. According to analyzing the motion process of cleaning of the device, the main factors affecting the working effect and the range of values of each factor were obtained. For the study performance of cleaning device, taking the speed of fan, overlapping length of rotating and fixed knife and material conveying speed as the factors, taking the rates of trash and the qualified rates of cut stalks length as the evaluation indices, the optimization test was carried out and a optimum combination of structural parameters and motion parameters of the cleaning device under different conditions was obtained. The results showed that for the mature fresh maize, when the speed of fan was 1 956-1 998 r · min~(-1), overlapping length of rotating and fixed knife was 26.90-29.92 mm, material conveying speed was 0.59-0.83 m · s~(-1), the corresponding rate of trash was 0.56%-0.59%, as well as the qualified rate of cut stalks length was 88.59%-89.27%. It provides guidance for the design and production of cleaning device for the fresh maize harvester in practice.