底栖鱼类对水田土壤微生物的扰动效应（摘要）

目的]研究底栖鱼类泥鳅对水田土壤微生物（区系、生物量、生理群）的扰动效应。方法]通过田间定位定量试验,采用平板表面涂抹法和稀释法进行分析。结果]试验水田的土壤微生物区系组成中,细菌数量最多,其次是放线菌和真菌。养鱼水田的细菌、放线菌和真菌数量均高于对照水田,分别达到显著（P〈0.05）、极显著（P〈0.01）、极显著差异水平（P〈0.01）。养鱼水田的土壤微生物生物量C和N明显高于对照水田,均达到极显著差异水平（P〈0.01）;养鱼水田的土壤微生物生物量P也高于对照水田,但并未达到显著差异水平（P〉0.05）。底栖鱼类促进了土壤固氮菌、纤维素分解菌、硝化细菌、硫化细菌和氨化细菌的生长,抑制了反硝化细菌和反硫化细菌的繁殖。结论]底栖鱼类对水田土壤微生物区系、生物量和生理群具有重要影响,改善了土壤微生物的生存条件,提高了土壤肥力和生化活性,有助于增加土壤N、P、S等养分元素的供给能力和养分利用效率。

Bioturbation Effects of Benthic Fish on Soil Microorganism of Paddy Field

Objective]The research aimed to explore the bioturbation effects of benthic fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus on soil microorganism（microflora,biomass,and special physiological groups） of paddy field.Method]The experiments were conducted locally and quantitatively in field,using plate count and MPN methods.Result]In the microflora of paddy soil tested,the quantity of bacteria is the largest,followed by actinomycetes and fungus.Compared with the control paddy fields,in rice-fish paddy fields the quantities of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungus were higher,at significance level P 〈0.05,P 〈0.01,and P 〈0.01 respectively.The microbial biomass C and N in rice-fish paddy fields is remarkably higher than those in control paddy fields,both at significance level P 〈0.01;the microbial biomass P in rice-fish paddy fields is higher than that in control paddy fields,but at significance level P 〈0.05.Benthic fish promotes the growth of soil azotobacter,cellulolytic bacteria,nitrobacteria,sulfur bacteria,and ammonifying bacteria,restricts the reproduction of nitrate reducing bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria.Conclusion]The benthic fish had important effects on microflora,microbial biomass,and special microorganism physiological groups of paddy soil,improves the living conditions of soil microorganisms,promotes the soil fertility and bio-chemical activity,which is beneficial for improving the supply ability of soil nutrients such as N,P,S,as well as the efficiency of nutrient utilization.