近20年元上都遗址周边土地利用变化及驱动力

通过对元上都遗址周边1990、2000和2010年TM影像解译及实地调查获得其土地利用状况数据，利用单一土地动态度指数、综合土地动态度指数、土地利用程度综合指数及土地利用程度变化模型对1990―2010年间土地利用动态变化过程进行分析，并揭示其土地利用变化的驱动因素。结果表明，研究区始终以草地、耕地为主，沙地与其他土地类型镶嵌分布。草地总体呈减少趋势，所占比例减少6.28%；耕地与沙地总体呈增加趋势，所占比例分别增加1.92%和3.33%。土地利用类型变化速度较快，具有明显波动性。1990―2000年的综合动态度为0.92%，2000―2010年为0.42%。其中，沙地变化速度最为迅速，年均递增速度达3.23%。土地利用程度逐渐增大，由农牧业转变为非农牧业。气候暖干化、北缘沙地扩展、退耕还林还草、城镇化建设、农牧业、工业和旅游业发展、滥砍乱伐、过度放牧等因素的综合作用驱动了土地利用结构变化。协调土地资源与社会经济发展的关系对研究区生态环境保护与建设至关重要，是保护元上都遗址的必要途径，是传承草原文化的基本要求。

Analysis of land usage variations and driving forces in the area around Xanadu Relics

Combined the land usage status data by remote sensing images from 1990 to 2010 and field investigation, the land usage dynamic changes were analysis and the driving forces were revealed using the single land use dynamic degree, the comprehensive land use dynamic degree, land use degree comprehensive index, land use degree change model in the area around Xanadu relics. The results showed that grassland and cultivated land were key components of land use types, however, sandy land and other types scatter distributed in the area during 1990-2010. Grassland decreased by 6.28% whereas cultivated land and sandy land increased by 1.92% and 3.33%. Land use change very fast with significant volatility. The comprehensive dynamic degree of land use were 0.92% and 0.42% in 1990-2000 and in 2000-2010, respectively. Sandy land change was most significant with 3.23% dynamic degree. Land use degree also increased which transformed from agriculture and husbandry to non agriculture and non husbandry. All the factors including warming and drying climate, sandy land expended to the north, conversion of cropland to forest and grassland, urbanization construction, agriculture, husbandry, industry and tourism development, indiscriminated cutting, overgrazing drove the change of land use. Coordination between land resources and social and economic development were essential for ecological protection and construction which was necessary to protect Xanadu relics, and the basic requirements of grassland cultural heritage.