生物质炭对辣椒果实品质和产量的影响

在日光温室条件下,通过研究不同用量生物质炭对辣椒产量和品质的影响,为辣椒优质高效生产提供理论依据。以精选羊角椒为对象,添加不同用量的生物质炭,在辣椒成熟期测定辣椒产量、感官品质、安全品质、营养品质及质构特性。在整个成熟期,添加少量的生物质炭可以增加产量,过量则会造成减产,减产率甚至达到33.21%。在辣椒感官品质方面,添加生物质炭后,果长会减小,果径会增大,果形指数变化不大;处理2(NPK)的单果质量最大,与处理1(ck)差异不显著,但是添加生物质炭后,与处理2(NPK)相比,单果质量会降低。在辣椒安全品质方面,添加生物质炭处理的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量均高于处理2(NPK),并且硝酸盐含量显著高于处理2(NPK),甚至接近我国蔬菜硝酸盐最大允许量432 mg/kg。在辣椒营养品质方面,处理2(NPK)的可滴定酸含量显著低于其他处理,并且其可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均显著高于其他添加生物质炭的处理,各处理的维生素C含量没有显著差异。在辣椒质构特性方面,从新鲜度和贮藏期角度分析,添加生物质炭的处理不如处理1(ck)和处理2(NPK),但是,处理间的参数变化不大。综上,添加少量生物质炭可以增加辣椒产量,过量则会减产,与处理2(NPK)相比添加生物质炭对辣椒品质有不良影响,同时还增加成本,所以生物质炭并不适用于多年棚室辣椒的栽培。

Effects of Biochar on Fruit Quality and Production of Pepper

By investigating the effects of different biochar dosage on production and quality of pepper in solar greenhouse,this study aims to provide a theoretical basis for improving production and quality of pepper.Using handpicked capsicum,we measured pepper production,sensory,security and nutritional quality and texture properties at the fruiting stage of pepper cultivated with different biochar dosage.During fruiting stage,addition of a small amount of biochar improved pepper production while too much biochar reduced pepper production,even at a rate of 33.21％.For sensory quality,addition of biochar reduced pepper length but increased fruit diameter,and fruit shape index changed little,single fruit weight of treatment 2 (NPK) was the biggest and it was not significantly different from treatment 1 (ck),but after adding biochar,single fruit weight decreased compared with treatment 2 (NPK).For security quality,nitrate and nitrite content of biochar treatment was higher than treatment 2 (NPK),nitrate content was significantly different compared with treatment 2 (NPK) and it was even close to the maximum nitrate allowance limit of vegetables in China (432mg/kg).For nutritional quality,titratable acid content was significantly lower than other treatments and soluble sugar and soluble protein content were significantly higher than the group treated with biochar.There was no significant difference between vitamin C content of different treatments.For texture properties,from the perspective of freshness and storage period,treatment with biochar was not as good as treatment 1 (ck) or treatment 2 (NPK).In conclusion,addition of a small amount of biochar can increase pepper production,but too much biochar will decrease pepper production.Moreover,addition of biochar has negative effects on pepper quality and increases the cost compared with treatment 2 (NPK),and consequently,biochar is not fit to be used for pepper cultivation in long-term shed.