中国蓝莓35年——科学研究与产业发展

中国一直有笃斯越桔的食用传统,在20世纪80年代,将原产大小兴安岭和长白山区的笃斯越桔加工成酒、汁产品并销售。1981年,吉林农业大学郝瑞教授从美国引种蓝莓,2000年在山东青岛实现产业化种植。2015年全国超过20个省市区开展蓝莓种植,总面积约3万hm2,产量约2.5万t。筛选审定了22个品种,实现了组织培养工厂化育苗和扦插育苗,解决了土壤改良及调酸、栽培管理、病虫害防治、贮藏加工、销售等关键技术问题,研究了产业经济。在对中国1981—2015年(35年)蓝莓科学研究与产业发展的全面历史回顾和现状分析的基础上,提出了我国蓝莓产业化发展道路:实现品种区域化、技术本地化、生产标准化、产品商品化和产业信息化。

Thirty-five Years of Research and Industry Development of Blueberry in China

It is a long tradition for Chinese people to eat berries of Vaccinium uliginosun L. and in the 1980s people began to process the berries from Xing′anling Area and Changbai Mountain Area in Northeastern China for wine and juice. In 1981, Prof. Hao Rui from Jilin Agricultural University in-troduced blueberry cultivars from the United States. And since 2000, the industrial cultivation has been carried out in Qingdao city, Shandong province. Till the year of 2015, over twenty provinces have been cultivating blueberry, the total area of which is approximately 30 000 hectares, and the yield of which reaches 25 000 tons in China. During the industrial development period, twenty-two cultivars have been selected from the total over one hundred cultivars introduced and cultivated as main cultivars. Seedlings have been produced through the way of tissue culture and cuttage. And key techniques of soil adjusting, pH decreasing, cultivation and management, disease and pest control-ling, storage and processing, sales and industry economy have been studied and used. Based on the reviews and analyses of researches and industry development of blueberry through the past thirty-five years ( from 1981 to 2015) in China, the development path of good cultivar selection and technique use, standard cultivation, product commercialization, and information collection through the Internet of Things ( IOT) for the blueberry industry in China was advised in this paper.