葡萄园种草的环境效应

采用葡萄(Vitis vinifera)园行间单播草地雀麦（Bromus riparius）、单播野牛草（Buchloe dactyloides）、草地雀麦和野牛草混播3种人工种草方法，以清耕裸露地和自然生草地为对照，分析人工植草对葡萄园生态环境的改善作用，筛选果草间作的适宜草种。结果表明，人工植草可以快速增加葡萄园行间地上生物量，提高植被覆盖度和地表粗糙度。其中，野牛草播种3个月后，地表覆盖度可达88.5%，当年地上生物量达到4 016.2 kg·hm-2，地表粗糙度较裸露地增加2.4倍以上，同时提高葡萄坐果前和采收后土壤温度，减弱近地表气温与空气湿度剧烈变化，稳定葡萄园微环境小气候，且不同生态草中野牛草表现突出；生态草种植还可以改善葡萄园土壤水分状况，调节不同深度土壤水分分布格局，增加0～20 cm深度土壤含水量和减少20 cm以下土层含水量；野牛草和草地雀麦种植还可以降低土壤容重和紧实度，减少耕作层速效磷含量，混播后还可增加土壤速效钾含量，有利于果实品质提高。

Effects of undergrowth on eco-environment in vineyards

In order to analyze the effects of pasture establishment on eco environment in vineyards and select pasture species sown in vineyards, monoculture Bromus riparius, Buchloe dactyloides and mixed B.riparius/B.dactyloides were used. The results showed that above ground biomass, vegetation cover and surface roughness of pastures in mid rows increased after pasture establishment in the vineyard. Especially, above ground biomass and coverage of monoculture B.dactyloides pasture were 4 016.2 kg·ha-1 and 88.5%, respectively, and its surface roughness could be over 2.4 times of the bare soil after sowing for three months. The soil temperature in the 0－5 cm soil layer rose before bear fruit and after fruit harvest. The change of strength on near surface air temperature and moisture were weakened and mini environment and mini climate in the vineyard improved. B.dactyloides was better performed than others. Meanwhile, soil moisture improved and water distributing structure changed in the soil due to pasture establishment in vineyards. Water content increased in the 0－20 cm layer and decreased under the 20 cm layer obviously. After monoculture B.dactyloides and B.riparius for a year, soil bulk density, soil compactiveness and available phosphorous decreased in the arable layer, while available potassium increased after sowing mixed B.dactyloides/B.riparius, which was beneficial to the fruit quality.