Canine serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes detected by polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis

Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes were studied in normal dogs using a commercially available polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis kit (PAG/disk kit). Serum samples taken from the dogs were incubated with neuraminidase, after which most showed ALP isoenzymes as two characteristic stained bands. To determine the origin of each band, ALP isoenzymes of serum and tissue extracts (liver, intestine and bone) were characterized by heating, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and levamisole treatments. The results suggested that the band detected on the anode was liver ALP (LALP) and that the band detected on the cathode represented bone ALP (BALP), and both were corticosteroid-induced ALP (CALP). The percentage of each ALP isoenzyme to total ALP activity was estimated by densitometry. The percentage of BALP was the highest in young dogs (age<1 year, 64.7% ), and this value decreased with age. In contrast, the percentage of LALP in young dogs (22.2%) was much lower than that in middle-aged dogs (ages 1 year to 7 years, 59.3%) and old dogs (ages>7 years, 50.4%). The present results suggested that a commercially available PAG/disk kit is capable of detecting three serum ALP isoenzymes in dogs, and further that it may have clinical applications in the evaluation of ALP isoenzymes in veterinary medicine.