集成"质量-格局-功能"的中国耕地整治潜力综合分区

面向新时期耕地资源多功能综合保护的新要求,科学评价耕地整治潜力,合理确定整治分区是聚焦"新三农"、服务国土综合整治的有力抓手。该研究围绕耕地自然资源禀赋、空间格局、要素功能等3方面,构建了集成"质量-格局-功能"的耕地整治潜力评价指标体系,在对全国耕地进行整治潜力综合评价的基础上,采用k-means聚类方法划定耕地整治潜力综合分区,得到以下主要研究结果:1)通过构建集成"质量-格局-功能"的耕地整治潜力评价框架,采用"一级区-二级区-三级区"3个层级的潜力分区体系,并结合"聚类区域+农业格局+整治类型"的分区方法开展耕地整治潜力综合分区,对因地制宜布局农业生产格局、差别化开展新时期国土综合整治具有积极作用;2)中国耕地资源整治潜力在质量、格局及功能之间存在显著的空间分异,质量改善潜力区主要分布于长江流域、海河流域和淮河流域等地区;格局优化潜力区主要集中于黄河流域、东南诸河流域、内陆河流域及长江中下游等地区;功能提升潜力区主要分布于长江流域、珠江流域及内陆河流域等地区;3)采用k-means空间聚类分析方法,从整治潜力视角将中国耕地资源划分为7个一级分区、38个二级分区和409个三级类型区。研究结果有利于因地制宜推进以全要素整合为核心的耕地综合整治,提高耕地资源供给服务能力及区域农业资源配置效率。

Comprehensive zoning of cultivated land consolidation potential integrating "quality-pattern-function" in China

Abstract: The process of cultivated land consolidation is related to regional natural resources, rural areas and agriculture. Land consolidation plans are the fundamentals to improve the quality of cultivated land resources, and to optimize the spatial distribution pattern for the economic, social and environmental contribution. To meet new requirements of multifunctional comprehensive protection for cultivated land resources in current days, the evaluation of cultivated land consolidation potential to determine consolidation zones is a powerful starting point for the comprehensive land consolidation and the schemes of "new agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" in China. In this study, an attempt is made to establish an evaluation index system for cultivated land consolidation potential by integrating "quality-pattern-function mode based on the contribution of natural resources, spatial distribution pattern and functional factor of cultivated lands. The k-means clustering method was used to set the boundaries for the comprehensive division of the cultivated lands in the evaluation. The results showed that: 1) the integrated "quality-pattern-function" mode in the evaluation frameworks is benefit to balance the quality, output, and utilization of cultivated lands. Compared with previous evaluations, the proposed framework can link various levels of quantified indicators to comprehensively present the distribution patterns and functional characteristics of cultivated land resources, indicating the improvement of land use on agricultural production. A positive effect can be gained to lay out distribution patterns for agricultural productions according to local topographical conditions in order to comprehensively manage of the different land use in the new era. 2) There were significant spatial differences in the quality, pattern, and function of the cultivated land resources for the consolidation potentials in China. In quality improvement, the potential areas of cultivated land consolidation were mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Basin, Haihe River Basin, and Huaihe River Basin. In pattern optimization, the potential areas of cultivated land-consolidation were mainly concentrated in the Yellow River Basin, Southeast River Basin, Inland River Basin, and the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. In function promotion, the potential areas of cultivated lands were mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Basin, Pearl River Basin, and Inland River Basin. 3) Using the k-means spatial clustering analysis, the potential areas of cultivated land consolidation in China were divided into 7 the first-level zonings, 38 the second-level zonings, and 409 the third-level zonings. The findings can provide the full-scale approaches to conserve mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands according to local conditions, and thereby to enhance the service capacity of cultivated lands and the efficiency of resources allocation in regional agriculture in China.