河南省4种地方品系鸡的RAPD分析

应用随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA，RAPD) 技术分析河南省4个地方鸡的品系，固始鸡快羽G_K系、固始鸡慢羽G_M系、矮小型绿壳蛋鸡、黄麻羽丝毛乌骨鸡的遗传变异。用186个随机引物对4个鸡种基因组DNA池扩增筛选，40个引物产生多态性。此40个引物经重新优化反应体系后，对120个个体的基因组DNA 进行RAPD分析。40个引物共产生387种扩增片段，扩增产物片段的长度大小在100～2220 bp范围内。利用电泳分析数据分别计算4个品系群体之间的遗传相似系数和遗传距离指数，结果4个鸡种的亲缘关系与它们的引种情况基本一致。同时也证明了RAPD技术可以作为分子标记，很好地检测鸡种群内的遗传变异及区分不同鸡品系。

Analysis of the Genetic Relationship of Four Chicken Lines in Henan Province by Using RAPD Markers

To elucidate the genetic differences and genetic relationships among four chicken lines (Gushi Fast-feathering line，Gushi slow-feathering line, Short-green shell egg line and Yellow plumage-Silky black-bone chicken line) at genome DNA level and provide the basic data for utilization the heterosis between them， the RAPD assays were conducted in this study by using blood samples of the four chicken lines．40 primers which had produced good polymorphie RAPD markers were selected from 186 random primers．The genomic DNA pools from the total genome DNA of the four chicken lines were assayed by using the primers screened and 387 reproducible amplified fragments which were 100 to 2220 bp long were obtained．Average band sharing coeficient and genetic distance index among four chicken breeds were estimated according to RAPD polymorphie data．The results revealed that the genetic relationship between Gushi slow-feathering line and Short-green shell egg line was closer，which had a closer relationship with Gushi Fast-feathering line, respectively. whereas the genetic relationship between Yellow plumage-silky black-bone chicken line and other line was the most distant than any other pairs．