库姆克尔原油胶质、沥青质组分对其流变性的影响

利用氧化铝吸附色谱分离库姆克尔原油中的胶质、沥青质,然后利用碱性氧化铝和酸性氧化铝吸附色谱分离胶质、沥青质中的酸性组分、碱性组分和中性组分。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱和核磁共振波谱研究了胶质沥青质分离组分的有机官能团,结果表明：中性组分的极性官能团含量很少,酸性组分的极性官能团含量较多,碱性组分的极性官能团含量最多;中性组分为烷烃物质,碱性组分含有氮、氧杂原子,表现为有机胺、有机醚,并含有酯基,酸性组分的特征官能团为羧酸,亦含有氮、氧等杂原子。将分离组分按1%的质量分数添加到原油或加剂原油中,研究其对原油或加剂原油流变性的影响,结果表明：对库姆克尔原油粘度产生不利影响的是胶质沥青质中的酸性组分。添加可以与酸性组分相互作用的降凝剂,可以明显降低库姆克尔原油的粘度,抑制酸性组分对原油流变性的恶化作用。

Impacts of gel and asphaltene components of Kumkol Crude Oil on rheological characteristics

Gel and asphalt in Kumkol Crude Oil are separated with the aluminum oxide adsorption chromatography and then acidic,alkaline and neutral components in the gel and asphalt are separated with alkaline aluminum oxide and acidic aluminum oxide.The organic groups of separated components of gel and asphalt are researched by the Fourier transform infrared spectrum and NMR spectrum.The results indicate that the neutral component is provided with rare polar functional groups,the acidic components with more polar functional groups and the alkaline component with the most polar functional groups;the neutral component is an alkane substance,the alkaline component contains nitrogen and oxygen hybrid atoms to form organic amine and organic ether with ester base,and the acidic component’s functional group is carboxylic acid,also containing nitrogen,oxygen and other hybrid atoms.Separated components are added into crude oil or waxy crude oil by 1% mass fraction to research its impacts on rheological characteristics of crude oil or waxy crude oil.The results indicate that acidic components in the gel and asphalt cause adverse affects on the viscosity of Kumkol Crude Oil.Addition of PPD which can interact with acidic components can significantly reduce the viscosity of Kumkol Crude Oil and inhibit deterioration effects of acidic components on rheological characteristics of crude oil.