我国铁岭地区平榛优良单株选育1）

为了在我国铁岭地区选育出坚果品质优良的平榛单株，通过实地调查与室内测量的方法，初选出栽培平榛优良单株87株和野生平榛优良单株58株。对初选优良平榛单株坚果品质进行复选，结果表明，平榛坚果形态指标变异程度较大，具有很大的改良潜力。栽培平榛的坚果品质高于野生平榛，栽培平榛果仁质量平均值比野生平榛果仁质量平均值高26．67％，出仁率平均值比野生平榛出仁率平均值高2．51％，说明栽培管理措施可以提高野生平榛的品质。平榛坚果形态的相关性分析表明，坚果大小与果皮厚显著影响坚果的质量，可通过改良果实的大小，降低果皮厚来提高出仁率。通过聚类分析可将栽培平榛分为7类，野生平榛分为5类，从栽培平榛的第五类和野生平榛的第四类中可以选育出果皮薄、出仁率高的优良单株；从栽培平榛第六类和野生平榛第五类可以选育出大果、果实和果仁质量较大的优良单株。通过主成分分析选出坚果品质综合性状优良的栽培平榛单株6株，野生平榛单株4株。

Superior Individual Selection of Corylus heterophylla for Nut Production in Tieling,China

We took field investigation and indoor measurement to select superior nuts quality of Corylus heterophylla individuals in Tieling area of China .Through initial selection , we selected 87 cultivation C.heterophylla and 58 wild C.heterophylla ( pure wild ) superior plants , and checked the quality of the primaries trees .The nuts had a great potential for improvement because of large fruit morphological index variation .Compared to the wild C.heterophylla, the cultivation C.heterophylla was higher with regard to the kernel weight and the shelling percentage , which indicated that cultivation and management measures could improve the quality of the nuts .By correlation analysis , the size of the nuts and the shell thickness signifi-cantly affected the weight of the nuts .The shelling percentage could be improved by changing the size of the nuts and re-ducing the shell thickness .By cluster analysis , the cultivation C.heterophylla was divided into seven classes , and the wild one was divided into five types .The thin shell thickness , high shelling percentage superior individuals , the heavy nut and kernel superior individuals both could be selected from two types of hazel .By principal component analysis , six superior nuts quality cultivation C.heterophylla individuals and four wild C.heterophylla individuals were selected .