清代前期林业思想初探

清代前期,中国林业处于古代传统林业阶段.在林业思想上,表现为受农本思想和风水思想的深刻影响.对林业的认识基本上局限于农业的水平,主要是追求森林的经济效益,强调发展经济林.在民间乃至上层统治者,林业思想中包含着相当程度的迷信成分,风水说相当盛行.同时,少数先进人物已能较深刻地认识到森林的生态作用,提出了森林防灾和多效益的思想,尽管其内容还不完善,还主要是为了保护农田、为农服务,但森林生态思想毕竟已经初步形成.

A Primary Study on Forestry Ideologies in Early Qing Dynasty

In early Qing Dynasty, Chinese forestry was still in a traditional stage. It was impacted by ideas of agriculture as nation's root and geomantic omen. The forestry was mainly understood as a part of agriculture. So the aim was to pursue economic benefit of forest, economic plantations were emphasized to develop. In folks and even upper dominators, there were lots of superstitious factors in their forest ideologies. Geomantic omen theory was prevalent. At the same time, several outstanding people had taken cognizance of ecological effects of forest in profundity. Forest defending calamity theory and multiple use thought were brought forward, although not perfect, mainly emphasize forest to protect farmland and serving for agriculture, the forest ecological ideology had formed primarily since then.