磨盘柿杂种败育特性的研究

磨盘柿是我国优质涩柿栽培品种,为了有效利用这一育种资源,以3个日本甜柿品种西村早生、太秋、花御所为父本,对其杂种形成与败育状况进行了系统的调查研究。结果发现:(1)磨盘柿经人工授粉后可以形成种子,但形成的杂种数量会受到父本基因型的明显影响,完全甜柿花御所作父本形成种子数量极少;(2)磨盘柿杂种的异常比例极高,败育主要分为早期败育和晚期败育2种类型,早期败育表现为胚乳的早期退化,种脐处出现的异常突起引发了大量种子的晚期败育;(3)杂种败育和胚败育之间不存在明显同步性,可以借助胚挽救技术获得杂种幼苗。

Study on the seed abortion of persimmon cultivar Mopanshi

Mopanshi is a high quality Chinese astringent persimmon cultivar and a promising germplasm. Its seed abortion was investigated when using it as maternal parentage to be crossed with 3 Japanese non-astringent cultivars, Nishimurawase, Taishu and Hanagosho. Results showed: (1) Mopanshi could form perfect seeds after being pollinated artificially, and the seed number was affected distinctly by the paternal cultivar. The capability of seed formation in Mopanshi was the lowest when used Hanagosho as pollen parent. (2) Several abnormal phenomena were observed during the development of seed in Mopanshi. The percentage of abnormal seed was obviously high in 3 cross combinations. Seed abortion at later stage was induced mostly by appearance of protuberance near seed umbilicus and the early aborted seeds appeared due to endosperm degeneration. (3) There was no observable coincidence between seed abortion and embryo abortion. Hybrid seedling of Mopanshi could be obtained by rescue.