烟草田间作业机械评价模型的构建

为评价农业机械的适用性满意度,探索基于实际生产管理需要的农业机械选型方法。以烟草种植和烟草田间作业机械为研究对象,将烟草种植流程划分为3个阶段10个环节,并设定各环节的评价指标体系,每个环节设计了作业成本、作业效率、作业效果、使用效应等4个二级指标,共44个评价指标。结合田间实地测试采集评价指标数据;依据农艺要求量化评价指标的评判基准;采用层次分析法,构建综合评价模型。以起垄环节为例评价模型的应用,共涉及7台不同类型的起垄机组（编号分别为I,II,...VII）,其中,IV、V为"履带式",VII为"复合式",其余均为"手扶式"。测试过程表明,"手扶式"起垄机组工作状态易调整、作业效果好;"履带式"起垄机组整机质量较大,动力不足时容易导致作业、行进速度变缓;"复合式"起垄机组整机结构复杂,操作舒适性和安全性不高。从评价结果看,参与测试的7台起垄机组中,作业成本指标排序靠前是I、III、II号机组,评价值分别为0.91、0.89、0.85;作业效率指标排序靠前的是V、IV、II号机组,评价值分别为1、0.49、0.41;作业效果指标排序靠前的是II、V、I号机组,评价值分别为0.96、0.69、0.66;使用效应指标排序靠前的是I、II、V号机组,评价值分别为0.93、0.75、0.59;综合评价表现较佳的是II、I、V号机组,适用性满意度评分分别为0.75、0.68、0.66,选型评价结果与当地实际情况相吻合。该模型可为农业机械选型定量化的比较提供依据和参考。

Establishment of evaluation model for tobacco field machinery selection

Abstract: In order to avoid the bias occurred in empirical method for agricultural machinery selection, such as testing operation effects by field demonstration or organoleptic evaluation, this essay aims to develop an applicability satisfaction based evaluation solution for the agricultural machinery selection test. By adopting tobacco planting and tobacco field machinery as study objects, a practical production management oriented model is proposed. The process of tobacco planting is divided into ten links of three stages (Preparation, Planting, and Management). An evaluation index system, involving forty-four indexes in all, is set at the same time. In which, ten evaluation models correspond to ten tobacco planting links respectively, while each of the evaluation models consists of four major operational indicators, namely cost, efficiency, effect, and effectiveness. The system samples data from on-site test based on quantitative evaluation indicators as benchmark under agronomic requirements, and builds up a comprehensive evaluation model by means of AHP. The ridging link is taken as an example to demonstrate the application of the model. In the experiment, seven sets of ridging machinery are involved (with serial numbers as I, II, ...... , and VII). In which, IV and V are of Caterpillar type; VII is of Multifunctional, and all others are of Walk-Behind. From the process of the experiment, the following performances have been presented. First, the Walk-Behind sets work best from the perspective of operation effect and stability due to their small overall sizes that facilitate adjusting the working attitudes in time. Among all types, these sets show the best also in safety assessment that they have lest risk of rollover when operating between small pieces of fields in hilly area. However, the operation efficiency is hard to be largely increased restricted by the slow walking speed of operator. Second, due to the big size, the Caterpillars are slow in both operation and pushing forward when they are underpowered. The fuel consumption will rise high if the sets are overpowered though the operation efficiency may be improved. Finally, the Multifunctional set shows poor operational comfort and safety on account of the complicated mechanism. In general, by increasing the operational efficiency, compacting the machinery size and improving applicability effectiveness, the ridging machinery will optimize its comprehensive operational efficiency in hilly areas. Viewing from the evaluation results, sets I, III, and II rank high in operation cost, the values of which are 0.91, 0.89 and 0.85. Set V, IV and II rank high in operation efficiency, the values of which are 1, 0.49 and 0.41. Sets II, V, and I are high in operation effect, the value of which are 0.96, 0.69 and 0.66.And sets I, II and V are high in applicability effectiveness, the value of which are 0.93, 0.75 and 0.59. Comprehensively, sets II, I and V feature the best with the applicability satisfaction index of 0.75, 0.68 and 0.66.The results of assessment are consistent with the real local situation and practical performance of the machinery sets in the test process. Thus, the proposed model is reliable to make objective and accurate evaluation of applicability satisfaction for the tobacco machinery in the ten links, and provide relevant ranking for tested machinery sets in each link. The evaluation values will not only provide decision support and quantitative basis for the performance evaluation on the tobacco field machinery, identify the key restriction factors that cause poor operation effect, but also provide a new reference for the selection of agricultural machinery in other planting fields.