免耕“稻鳖鱼”共生模式的环境经济学分析

采用田间试验及环境经济学方法研究免耕"稻鳖鱼"共生模式的环境经济效益并提出相关对策。试验共设免耕稻鳖鱼(RTF),免耕稻鳖(RT)、免耕稻鱼(RF),免耕水稻单作(RM)4个处理。田间试验结果表明,RTF,RT,RF控草效果明显;孕穗期RTF病蔸率和病株率分别比RM低71.1%和56.3%。RTF固碳量比RM增加8.7%,甲烷(CH4)排放总量减少39.9%。环境经济学分析结果表明,RTF、RT、RF的财务效益,比RM分别增加了52 450、24 500、23 940元/hm~2,RTF、RT、RF和RM环境经济效益分别为53 547、25 385、24 927和559元/hm~2;研究结果表明,免耕稻鳖鱼共生模式生态和经济效益高,具有良好的发展和推广前景,可作为农业供给侧结构性改革形势下精准扶贫的新模式。

Environmental Economics Analysis of No-tillage Rice-turtle-fish Symbiosis Model

This article has been studied the financial and environmental economic benefits of "no-tillage rice-turtle-fish" symbiotic model by field experiment and environmental economic method. The field experiment set up 4 kinds of treatment: no-tillage rice-turtle-fish(RTF), no-tillage rice-turtle(RT), no-tillage rice-fish(RF), no-tillage rice-monoculture(RM). The field experiment showed that RTF, RT and RF model can control the weeds significantly; the diseased hills ratios and the diseased plant ratios of booting stage in RTF were lower than RM 71.1% and 56.3%, respectively. The C sequestration of RTF increased 8.7% than RM model, and total methane(CH4) emission of RTF was decreased by 39.9%. Environmental economic analysis showed that the financial benefits of RTF, RT, RF model increased by 52450, 24500, 23940 CNY/hm2 respectively compared with RM model, the environmental economic benefits of RTF, RT, RF and RM model were 53547, 25385, 24927 and 559 CNY/hm2 respectively. It was concluded that the no tillage rice-turtle-fish symbiosis model with high financial benefits and high ecological and economic benefits, being provided with good prospects for development and promotion.