马铃薯挖掘与残膜回收联合作业机的研制与试验

为解决马铃薯收获后的残膜回收问题,研制了一种用于马铃薯挖掘和残膜回收的联合作业机。马铃薯挖掘机采用成熟机型4U–83型马铃薯收获机,残膜回收机采用曲柄滑块扒膜装置和圆筒式收膜与卸膜装置。通过计算确定了曲柄滑块扒膜装置和圆筒式收膜与卸膜装置的关键参数,改进了起膜铲的形状和参数,在降低伤薯率的同时提高了起膜和收膜的效果。田间试验表明:该机挖掘和输运流畅,分离效果显著,残膜能连续性地被卷膜筒卷起,卸膜方便可靠,伤薯率为4.4%,明薯率为96.4%,残膜回收率为89.3%、脱膜率为98.1%,均可达到技术规范设计要求。联合作业机与马铃薯收获机单独作业相比,明薯率和损伤率无明显差距。

Development and experiment of combined operation machine for potato harvesting and plastic film collecting

In order to solve the problem of collecting the residue of plastic film after potato harvesting, a combined machine was developed to dig potato and collect the residue of plastic film simultaneously. Based on the 4U?83 potato harvester, a crank-rocker mechanism was designed to strip the residue of plastic film and a cylinder device to collect and unload the residue of plastic film. The key parameters were calculated and determined for both of the devices. The shape and parameter of the shovel was improved to reduce the damage rate of potato and the efficiency of lifting and collecting the residue of plastic film. Field test showed that potato digger performed smoothly in digging and transporting with efficient separation. The plastic film can be rolled up continuously and reliably unloaded in convenient. The damage rate was 4.4% with the obvious rate of 96.4%. The recovery rate of the residual film was 89.3% with the film release rate of 98.1%. All of the parameters reached the requirements of technical specifications for design. The combined machine with digging and collecting functions achieved the same performance as the original potato harvester.