水分调控对干旱山地苹果树生长发育和结实的影响

人为灌溉补水是改善干旱山地果园水分供应状况的有效措施。为给山地果树精准灌溉提供科学依据,以陕北米脂山地6年生红富士苹果树为研究对象,以苹果树物候期为时段,以土壤田间持水量为标准进行了水分调控试验,研究分析了水分调控对干旱山地苹果树生长及果实生长发育的影响。结果表明,陕北山地苹果树萌芽期(3月下旬-4月中旬)、开花期(4月下旬-5月初)、新稍生长和幼果发育期(5月初-7月上旬)及果实膨大期(7月中旬-10月上旬)适宜的土壤含水量分别为田间持水量的50%~60%、50%~60%、50%~60%和70%~80%。在一般水文年,陕北山地苹果树萌芽期适宜的灌溉量为56.50mm,开花期为22.20mm,新稍生长和幼果发育期为92.63mm,其中5月初-6月上旬宜灌水75.16mm,6月中旬-7月上旬宜灌水17.47mm,果实膨大期降雨量可满足苹果树的需水量,不需灌溉。

Effect of Moisture Regulation on Growth and Development of Apple Trees at Arid Hilly Region

Artificial irrigation water is an effective measure to improve water supply in arid mountainous orchard .In this study ,the 6 years Fuji apple tree is used as the research object in Mizhi county of Northern Shaanxi ,a moisture regulation experiment is conduc-ted with the apple tree phenology as the study period and the field capacity as the standard to study and analyze the effects of mois-ture regulation on apple tree grow th and fruit development at arid hilly region to provide a scientific basis for precision irrigation of mountain fruit trees .The results indicate that the suitable soil water content in sprout period (late March to middle April) ,flower-ing period (late April to early May) ,new shoot growth and young fruits development period (early May to early July) ,and fruit swelling period (middle July to early October ) of mountain apple trees in Northern Shaanxi province is 50% ~60% ,50% ~60% , 50% ~60% and 70% ~80% of field capacity ,respectively .In general hydrological year ,the suitable irrigation water amount is 56 .50 ,22 .20 ,92 .63 mm for sprout period ,new shoot grow th and young fruits development period ,flowering period ,respectively . And the suitable irrigation water amount is 75 .16 mm in early May to early June and 17 .47 mm in middle June to early July .The rainfall in fruit swelling period can satisfy the water requirement of apple trees ,so irrigation is not needed .