燕麦种质资源抗倒伏及生物学性状的差异评价

为了筛选燕麦抗倒伏种质资源，对111份国内外燕麦种质材料的12个性状及倒伏指数进行多样性分析，并对其表现进行综合评价。结果表明，参试材料具有丰富的多样性，遗传多样性指数平均为1.99，各性状的变异系数由高到低依次为主穗粒重(49.22%)、主穗粒数(41.76%)、纤维素含量(36.67%)、抗折力(35.28%)、抗刺穿力(26.06%)、主穗小穗数(25.98%)、茎基部第二节间壁厚(25.79%)、百粒重(24.92%)、茎基部第二节间长(22.86%)、主穗长(19.65%)、茎基部第二节间茎粗(16.06%)、株高(13.69%)；倒伏指数与株高、茎基部第二节间长均呈极显著正相关，与抗折力、抗刺穿力均呈极显著负相关。通过通径分析，株高对燕麦倒伏指数影响最大。经主成分分析，前5个主成分对变异的累计贡献率达81.724%，其中前三个主成分分别为主穗因子、茎秆机械强度因子和株高因子。通过聚类分析将供试种质划分为4类，其中第I类种质群抗倒伏能力较强，可作为抗倒伏燕麦育种的亲本。

Evaluation of Lodging Resistance and Difference of Biological Characters of Oat Germplasm Resources

In order to screen oat lodging resistant germplasm resources,the diversity of 12 traits and lodging index of 111 oat germplasm materials at home and abroad were analyzed,and their performance was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the tested materials had rich diversity,and the average genetic diversity index was 1.99. The coefficient of variation of each trait from high to low was grain weight of main panicle(49.22%),grain number of main panicle(41.76%),cellulose content(36.67%),breaking resistance(35.28%),puncture resistance(26.06%),spikelet number of main panicle(25.98%),intersegmental thickness of the second internode at the stem base(25.79%),100 grain weight(24.92%),length of the second internode at the stem base(22.86%),length of main panicle(19.65%),stem diameter(16.06%) and plant height(13.69%). Lodging index was positively correlated with plant height and the length of the second internode at the base of the stem,but negatively correlated with breaking resistance and puncture resistance. Path analysis indicated that plant height had the greatest impact on the oat lodging index. The cumulative contribution rate of the top five PCA components to the variation was 81.724%,among which,of which the top three principal components were the main panicle factor,culm mechanical strength factor and plant height factor. The tested germplasms were divided into four groups by cluster analysis. The germplasms of group I had strong lodging resistance and can be used as parents for lodging resistant oat breeding.