施加微生物菌剂对马铃薯根际土壤细菌多样性的影响

为了从土壤微生物生态学的角度阐述微生物菌剂对马铃薯根际土壤细菌群落结构的影响，采用高通量测序技术对细菌16S rRNA V3⁺V4区序列进行测序分析，以不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（F）作为对照，研究T1（化肥⁺颗粒菌剂75 kg·hm^-2）、T2（化肥⁺颗粒菌剂150 kg·hm^-2）、T3（化肥⁺颗粒菌剂225 kg·hm^-2）、T4（化肥⁺颗粒菌剂300 kg·hm^-2）处理下根际土壤细菌群落多样性。结果表明，与F相比，T2可以显著提高土壤细菌OTU数量、Chao1指数和ACE指数。门水平上，与CK、F相比，T4酸杆菌门分别降低33.24%、29.33%，芽单胞菌门分别降低25.16%、21.01%。纲水平上，与CK相比，T4 γ-变形菌纲和拟杆菌纲相对丰度分别显著增加32.04%、59.73%，T3和T4放线菌纲相对丰度分别显著增加129.11%、 169.68%，T4芽单胞菌纲、母链菌纲相对丰度分别显著降低26.91%、38.1%；与F相比，T3和T4酸微菌纲相对丰度分别显著降低21.38%、24.04%，而放线菌纲相对丰度分别显著提高59.48%、 87.72%，T2、T3和T4拟杆菌纲相对丰度分别显著增加74.19%、73.52%、124.49%。说明施用微生物菌剂显著提高土壤细菌的丰富度，改善菌群结构，增加有益菌的丰度，进而改善马铃薯土壤微环境。

Effect of Microbial Agents on Bacterial Diversity in Potato Rhizosphere Soil

In order to illustrate the effect of microbial agents on the bacterial community structure of potato rhizosphere soil from the perspective of microbial ecology,the high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence and analyze the sequence of the bacterial 16S rRNA V3⁺V4 region,CK(no fertilizer) and F(single application of chemical fertilizers) were used as controls,the diversity analysis of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities was studied under treatments of T1 (fertilizer ⁺ granular agent 75 kg·hm^-2),T2 (chemical fertilizer ⁺ granular agents 150 kg·hm^-2),T3 (chemical fertilizer ⁺ granular agents 225 kg·hm^-2) and T4 (chemical fertilizer ⁺ granular agents 300 kg·hm^-2).The results showed that T2 could significantly increase the number of OTU,Chao1 index and ACE index compared with F.Compared with CK at the F level,T4 Acidobacteria decreased by 33.24%,29.33%,respectively.Gemmatimonadetes decreased by 25.16%,21.01%,respectively.Compared with CK at the class level,the relative abundances of T4 Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidia increased by 32.04% and 59.73%,respectively,and the relative abundances of T3 and T4 Actinobacteria increased by 129.11% and 169.68%,respectively,the relative abundances of T4 Gemmatimonadetes and Blastocatellia_Subgroup_4 decreased by 26.91% and 38.1%,respectively; compared with F,the relative abundances of T3 and T4 Acidimicrobiia decreased by 21.38% and 24.04%,respectively,while the relative abundances of Actinobacteria increased by 59.48% and 87.72%,respectively.The relative abundance of T2,T3 and T4 Bacteroidia increased by 74.19%, 73.52%,124.49%,respectively.This study indicated that the application of microbial agents significantly increases the abundance of soil bacteria,improves the microbial community structure,and increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria,and then improves the soil microenvironment of potato.