磷肥品种和施用方式对灌耕灰漠土有效磷和无机磷形态的影响

为了灌耕灰漠土合理施用磷肥，通过土壤培养试验，设置不施磷（CK）、重过磷酸钙基施（TSP）、磷酸一铵基施（MAP-B）、聚磷酸铵基施（APP-B）、磷酸一铵一次性滴施（MAP-D）和聚磷酸铵一次性滴施（APP-D）6个处理，研究磷肥品种和施用方式对土壤有效磷和无机磷形态的影响。结果表明：3种磷肥基施处理（TSP、MAP-B和APP-B）的0～20 cm土层有效磷含量随培养时间显著降低，MAP和APP一次性滴施处理（MAP-D和APP-D）的5～10 cm土层有效磷含量随培养时间呈现增长的趋势。不施磷处理灌耕灰漠土中无机磷以Ca₁₀-P和O-P为主，分别占无机磷总量的47.94%和23.76%。3种磷肥基施处理均提高0～20 cm土层灌耕灰漠土有效磷含量、无机磷总量以及Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P、Al-P、Fe-P的比例，但以上含量和比例在三者之间（TSP、MAP-B和APP-B）均无显著差异。与MAP和APP基施处理相比，二者一次性滴施处理只显著提高灰漠土 0～5 cm土层有效磷含量、无机磷总量和Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P的比例，显著降低Ca₁₀-P的比例，提升了0～5 cm土层的供磷能力。综上所述，3种磷肥基施处理均提升了0～20 cm土层的供磷能力，MAP和APP一次性滴施处理仅显著提升了0～5 cm土层的土壤供磷能力，因此生产实践中建议选择价格较低的重过磷酸钙基施。

Effects of Phosphate Fertilizer and Application Methods on Olsen-P and Inorganic Phosphorus Form in Irrigated Grey Desert Soil

In order to apply phosphorus fertilizer reasonably in irrigated grey desert soil, six treatments were set up through soil culture test to study the effects of phosphate fertilizers and application methods on soil Olsen-P and inorganic phosphorus forms.The six treatments include no phosphate fertilizer (CK), the basal application of triple super phosphate (TSP-B), the basal application of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP-B), the basal application of ammonium polyphosphate (APP-B), the one time drip application of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP-D) and the one time drip application of ammonium phosphate (APP-D).The results indicate that the content of Olsen-P in 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly reduced with the culture time under basal application of 3 kinds of phosphate fertilizers (TSP, MAP-B and APP-B), and the contents of Olsen-P in 5-10 cm soil layer treated with MAP and APP through one time drip application (MAP-D and APP-D) had trended increasingly with the culture time.The Ca₁₀-P and O-P were the main inorganic phosphorus in irrigated grey desert soil under no application of phosphate fertilizer,which accounted for 47.94% and 23.76% of the total inorganic phosphorus amount, respectively.The basal application of 3 kinds of phosphate fertilizers could improve the contents of Olsen-P, the total inorganic phosphorus amount and the proportion of Ca₂-P, Ca₈-P, Al-P and Fe-P in 0-20 cm soil layer in irrigated grey desert soil,but the above contents and the proportion had no significant difference among TSP, MAP-B and APP-B.Compared with basal application of MAP and APP, one time drip application only significantly improved the contents of Olsen-P in 0-5 cm soil layer of grey desert soil, total inorganic phosphorus amount and the proportion of Ca₂-P and Ca₈-P, significantly reduced the proportion of Ca₁₀-P, and boosted the phosphorus supply ability of 0-5 cm soil layer.To sum up, the basal application of 3 kinds of phosphate fertilizers can enhance the phosphorus supply ability of 0-20 cm soil layer, and the one time drip application of MAP and APP only significantly boosts the soil phosphorus supply ability of 0-5 cm soil layer.Therefore, in production practice, it is suggested selecting the cheap triple super phosphate basal application.