Temperaturansprüche mikroskopischer Bodenpilze aus klimatisch und geographisch verschiedenen Standorten

Temperature demands of microscopic soil fungi from different climatic and geographical sites. . 154 strains of microscopic soil fungi were isolated at 25°C from soils deriving from tropical to alpine climatic zones of the world (SW-Africa, Argentine, Nepal, Canary Islands and W-Germany). Determining their saccharolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic activities on saccharose-, starch- or gelatine-containing agar plates at 5 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C, 35 °C and 43 °C, the activity range as well as the optimal temperature were obtained. The following results were obtained: 1) A clear correlation between the temperature requirements of the fungal flora and the climatic conditions of the site of isolation was observed. 2) The fungal flora of a certain climatic zone was composed of strains of ubiquitously distributed species. Their great adaptability enables them to accomodate themselves to the temperature conditions of each site. 3) A smaller percentage of species was characterised by a small range of temperature variability and therefore depending on a certain climatic zone. Some of these were strict pschychrophilic species, characteristic for alpine and subalpine regions, but others behaved as strict mesophiles observed only in warm regions. 4) Finally from each site of isolation there also could be isolated a certain amount of fungi, whose ecological demands did not or only for a very short time coincide with the bioclimatic conditions of the particular site. Generally, these isolates are able to form resistant spores enabling them to survive unfavourable climatic conditions. .