甘蓝型油菜雄性不育三系选育的遗传研究

本文就单低雄性不育系和恢复系的转育,雄性不育系胞质基因类型对杂种恢复率的影响,以及三系种质基因在杂种中遗传效应的研究,提出了低芥品质和恢复基因是易获得的,而不育系和恢复系的优良性状、不育系的稳定性和恢复系的配合力却是应着力选育的。在恢复系繁育中,考虑到生物学混杂问题,应用细胞质为“S”类型的恢复系要比“N”类型恢复系再繁殖用于制种,杂种F1恢复率高25-51.5％。由于不育系和带有不育胞质恢复系的细胞质基因“S”,不育系和保持系的细胞核基因“rfrf”,恢复基因“RfRf”在杂种中均存在一定的遗传效应。所以,在选育强优势组合时应注意“三系”种质基因优良性状的选育。

GENETIC RESEARCHES ON THE SELECTION OF MALE-STERILE TRILINES IN BRASSICA NAPUS L.

This paper deals with the transfer breeding of single low male-sterile line and restorer line, the effect of cytoplasmic gene types of male-sterile line upon the restorer rate of the hybrids as well as the germplasm genes of "trilines" in studying genetic effects in the hybrids. Also, this paper presents that it is easy to obtain low erucic acid qualities and restorer genes ,while the fine traits of male-sterile line and restorer line,the stability of male-sterile line and the matching ability of restorer line can be obtained through great efforts. In breeding restorer line,and in considering the question of biological impurity, it is better to use the restorer line with "S" type of cytoplasm than "N" type restorer line in reproduction of rapeseeds. The restorer rate of the hybrid F2 taller 25-51.5%. Since cytoplasm gene "S" of sterile line and restorer line with sterile cytoplasm, nuclear gene "rfrf" of the sterile line and maintenance line, restorer gene "RfRf" have certain genetic effects existed in the hybrids, attention should be paid to the selection of fine traits of germplasm genes of the trilines in breeding strong and superiority combinations.