土壤类型对凉山烤烟品质的影响

以云烟87为材料,在盐源烟区选取5种不同类型土壤进行烤烟大田栽培,研究了四川凉山土壤类型对烤烟主要化学成分、中性致香物质及内在质量的影响。结果表明,参试土壤钙、镁含量较丰富,明显缺氯;紫色土、红壤、黄壤、沉积土等明显缺钾和氮;水稻土和沉积土缺磷。不同土壤烤后烟叶化学成分有差异,水稻土和紫色土上烤后烟叶烟碱、总氮含量较高,糖含量较低,基本符合优质烟叶质量标准;红壤、紫色土和黄壤上烤后烟叶钾含量相对较高,接近优质烟叶钾含量;沉积土、水稻土和红壤上烤后烟叶氯含量较高,接近优质烟叶氯含量。不同土壤烤后烟叶致香物质含量差异较大,黄壤和红壤上烤后烟叶苯丙氨酸类降解产物含量较高;黄壤、红壤和水稻土上烤后烟叶类西柏烷类产物含量较高;水稻土、紫色土和红壤上烤后烟叶质体色素降解产物含量及致香成分总量较高。不同土壤烤后烟叶内在质量存在一定的差异,由高到低对应的植烟土壤依次为:紫色土、红壤、黄壤、沉积土、水稻土。

Effects of Soil Types on Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Liangshan Prefecture

With Yunyan 87 as material,it was cultivated in five types of soils in Yanyuan,so as to study the effects of soil types on contents of chemical component,neutral aroma components and smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Liangshan prefecture,Sichuan Province.The result showed that all the 5 different types of soil had enough calcium and magnesium,but lacked chlorine obviously.Purple soil,red soil,yellow soil and sedimentary soil were obviously short of potassium and nitrogen.Paddy soil and sedimentary soil were short of phosphorus.The effects of different soil types on contents of chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves were different.The flue-cured tobacco leaves which grew in paddy soil or purple soil were rich in nicotine and total N,but lacked in sugar,basically up to the standard of quality tobacco;the content of K in flue-cured tobacco leaves which grew in red soil,purple soil and yellow soil was close to that in quality tobaccos;while the content of Cl in flue-cured tobacco leaves which grew in sedimentary soil,paddy soil and red soil was close to that in quality tobaccos.Different types of soil has different influences on contents of neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves.The contents of phenylalanine in flue-cured tobacco leaves would be richer if the tobacco was planted in yellow soil or red soil.The contents of cembratriendiol in flue-cured tobacco leaves would be richer if the tobacco is planted in yellow soil,red soil or paddy soil.The contents of plastid pigment in flue-cured tobacco leaves would be richer if the tobacco is planted in paddy soil,purple soil or red soil.The smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves in different types of soil was dissimilar,the quality from high to low was shown as follows: purple soil,red soil,yellow soil,sedimentary soil,paddy soil.