黄粉虫粉替代鱼粉对牛蛙生长、体组成、消化酶活力及肝脏生化指标的影响

为了研究黄粉虫粉替代鱼粉对牛蛙生长及免疫指标的影响,用替代占比分别为0（对照组）、25%、50 %、75%、100%的黄粉虫粉来替代含有20%鱼粉的基础饲料。连续对牛蛙投喂[体质量（34.67±1.00）g]56 d,结果表明：黄粉虫粉替代鱼粉后对牛蛙的终末体重、增重率、后腿指数和存活率均无显著影响（P>0.05）,饲料效率和蛋白质效率除T50%组外,其余各组显著降低（P<0.05）;蛙体的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪均无显著差异（P>0.05）,而粗灰分含量随着替代比例的升高,显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,表明黄粉虫粉部分或者全部替代鱼粉时牛蛙饲料需进一步补充无机盐和氧化物的含量;牛蛙肝脏总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力均显著上升（P<0.05）,肝脏组织形态均正常;T100%组牛蛙肠道蛋白酶活性显著降低（P<0.05）,而脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性各组均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,肠道除T100%组肠黏膜固有层与黏膜下层出现轻微分离,其余肠道黏膜结构均无异常。综上结果表明,黄粉虫粉可以作为牛蛙日粮的优质低鱼粉或无鱼粉蛋白质源,替代牛蛙饲料中100%的鱼粉仍可维持牛蛙正常生长,而且还能增强牛蛙抗氧化系统的能力。

Effects of Fishmeal Replacement by Tenebrio molitor Meal on Growth Performance,Body Composition,Digestive Enzyme Activity and Liver Biochemical Indices of Bullfrog

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of complete or partial substitution of Tenebrio molitor meal for fishmeal on growth and immune indices of bullfrog. The fishmeal was substituted with Tenebrio molitor meal at the ratio of 0% （control group）, 25% （T25% group）, 50% （T50% group）, 75% （T75% group） and 100% （T100% group） in the basal diet containing 20% fishmeal. The bullfrog weighting （34.67±1.00） g was fed continuously for 56 days with the different test diets. The results showed that there were no significant differences （P>0.05） in final body weight, weight gain rate, hind leg index and survival rate after replacing fishmeal with different ratio of Tenebrio molitor meal. Comparing to the control group, the feed efficiency and protein efficiency was significantly decreased （P<0.05） in all test groups except for T50% group. The substitution of Tenebrio molitor meal had no significant effect （P>0.05） on water content, crude protein content and crude fat content of the bullfrog. The crude ash content was increased with the elevation of substitution ratio, but was significantly lower （P<0.05）than that in control group. It was indicated that supplementation of inorganic salts and oxides in the basal diet was necessary when the fishmeal was completely or partially replaced by Tenebrio molitor meal. The bullfrog fed the test diet had significantly higher （P<0.05) activities or content of total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC）, total superoxide dismutase（T-SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and catalase （CAT） in liver comparing to those fed the control diet, and their liver tissue was normal in morphology. The intestinal protease activity in T100% group was significantly lower （P<0.05） than that in control group, while the lipase and amylase activities in all test groups were significantly higher （P<0.05） than those in control group. While slight separation of the lamina propria and submucosa in intestinal mucosa was observed in T100% group, no abnormality in gut mucosal structure was found in the other test groups. In conclusion, Tenebrio molitor meal can be used as a high-quality protein source for low-fishmeal or non-fishmeal diet for bullfrog. In addition, the complete substitution of Tenebrio molitor meal for fishmeal can maintain the normal growth of bullfrog and enhance the antioxidant system function of bullfrog.