大蒜有性生殖技术研究初报

 为探讨可控条件下实现大蒜有性生殖的可能性, 1996～2004年, 从国内外搜集的160份大蒜种质中筛选出41份抽薹早、总苞发育好的品系, 于现薹后8～10 d (打弯期) 切取带茎花总苞, 剔除营养芽(气生鳞茎) , 置温度(25 ±2) ℃, 日光照13～16 h, 相对湿度75%的培养室液培促进开花, 延长开花时间, 花期最长达76 d。混合花粉人工授粉426朵花, 其中319朵( 78.6% ) 子房明显膨大。从11份子房、胚珠发育好的品系中选膨大的子房固定, 石蜡切片, 用普通光镜观察到完整的有性胚结构; 选240个膨大子房接种在B5 +蔗糖4%～12%培养基上, 置培养室内培养47～56 d, 53个子房继续膨大, 保持绿色,形成不同发育阶段的胚, 其中34个子房发育出76个完整胚。将完整胚接种到MS +BA 0.01～0.05 mg/L +NAA 0.05～0.10 mg/L +蔗糖40～80 g/L培养基上, 置同上条件的培养室内培养42～47 d, 发育成有性生殖的完整小植株。

A Preliminary Study on Techniques for Sexual Reproduction of Garlic(Allium sativum L.)

In order to develop techniques for sexual rep roduction of garlic under the controlled conditions, 160 garlic varieties and lines collected from the main production areas of China and abroad were used in the study. 41 garlic lines out of the 160 were selected for their better performance on early bolting, longer and stronger pedicels. The flower stalks with inflorescences of which were cut off at the basal of the plants and dipped the cutting end into the nutritional solution and then cultured under the temperature of (25 ±2) ℃,photo period of 13 - 16 h /d and relative humidity of 75% to make the flower bud blooming normally as well as to prolong the blooming period. As the result, most of the lines cultured got blooming and the longest blooming period was 76 d. Later, the ovaries of 319 flowers out of the 426 flowers pollinated artificially by the pollen mixture were well developed and looked enlarged. Cell structure of the fertilized embryos were confirmed by the paraffin section and microscopy. 240 growing ovarieswere selected and cultured in vitro on the medium B5 + Sucrose 4% - 12% continuously under the conditions mentioned above. 53 ovaries amongwhich continued to grow and maintained green after 47 - 56 d culture. Anatomical studies showed that the young embryos grownup in some ovules of the expanded and green ovaries and 76 mature embryos developed from 34 ovaries as well. Picked out the embryos developed at the different developmental stages and inoculated on the medium MS +BA 0.01 - 0.05 mg/L +NAA 0.05 - 0.10 mg/L + sucrose 40 - 80 g/L and cultured under the same conditions as before. 42 - 47 d later the young embryos developed into mature ones and the mature embryos grew up and formed the sexually reproduced plantlets.