利用光谱分析技术探测红火蚁蚁巢

为探讨利用光谱分析技术对红火蚁蚁巢进行探测识别的可行性,该文利用高光谱仪采集红火蚁蚁巢光谱特征参数,采用微分法、对数法对原始光谱反射率进行处理,通过提取光谱特征参数的方法得到识别红火蚁蚁巢的最佳波段,确定识别不同地物的波段大多位于红光波段和近红外波段,分布在701~1510 nm 之间.利用欧氏距离法对识别效果进行验证,并通过实验室高光谱成像仪进行室内参照试验,对有效波段的可靠性加以验证.结果表明,原始光谱以及光谱对数变换方法能够有效区分红火蚁蚁巢土及周边不同地物,而一阶微分和对数后进行一阶微分变换得到的欧式距离可以区分草和蚁巢土及草和普通土,但不能区分蚁巢土与普通土.研究结果可为红火蚁蚁巢的快速检测提供参考.

Detection of Solenopsis invicta nest using spectrum analysis technology

Abstract: Solenopsis invicta, wihich originated in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and the Panama Canal, has been spreading at the speed of 200 km every year since they invaded Mobile, Alabama in the United States from 1918 to 1931. Recently, Solenopsis invicta has indicated a tendency to rapidly spread all over the world, including China. They are polyphagous insects, but prefer high protein or high fat foods, such as the larvae of some small insects or vertebrates and seeds or fruits with high oil. Therefore, they are severely dangerous to human health, public security, agriculture, forestry production, and the ecological environment in the invaded areas.Solenopsis invicta is social insect of the family Formicidae, Hymenoptera with the habit of gregarious nesting. They are strongly offensive against intruders, and they will attack the intruders in full strength once their nest is disturbed. Thus, some experts think that the threat of Solenopsis invicta in China cannot be ignored and that corresponding measures should be imminently taken to prevent the Solenopsis invicta invasion. Research on the detection method of a Solenopsis invicta nest to eliminate Solenopsis invicta from the source is of practical significance to the prevention of a Solenopsis invicta disaster. Therefore, finding out the location of a nest of Solenopsis invicta is of more practical value than only exterminating Solenopsis invicta.The feasibility of detection of a nest of Solenopsis invicta based on spectrum analysis technology was examined by using an optical spectrum instrument with reflect characteristics. A differential coefficient method and a logarithmic method to analyze original spectral reflectivity were used. The method of using character factors was studied to get the best waveband for distinguishing the ant nest from other things. An Eculidean distance method was used to calculate the average distance, and effective band of the nest of Solenopsis invicta's recognized effect. In addition, the average of the Euclidean distance of different features is greater than the average of the Euclidean distance of the same feature, and the samples, which were collected and measured by the laboratory hyper-spectral imager to verify the reliability of the selected band. Finally, the results were compared with the traditional method. We randomly selected eight sample points in the Wushan Square of South China Agricultural University. Using the traditional method and a spectrum analytical method to prove it, we got the same result. However, it is more convenient and faster to get the information by using the spectrum analytical method.As a result, the effective wavebands to recognize the Solenopsis invicta nest mostly concentrate on 701-1 510 nm, which are mainly red light bands and near-infrared bands. Additionally, the observation shows that the original spectrum and the logarithmic method could be used to distinguish the nest of Solenopsis invicta from common soil and grass. Moreover, the latter can make it clearer than the others, while the spectrum first-order differential method and the logarithmic after a differential transformation could distinguish between grass and ant nest soil, or grass and common soil, but not between Solenopsis invicta nest soil and common soil. This observation may provide useful information for detecting the Solenopsis invicta nest.