孟子思想中蕴涵的德育方法

德育方法是德育学研究的核心内容,有效的德育方法是指那些适合德育过程和德育对象,反映德育规律,能够有效实现德育目标的方法。儒家的“亚圣”孟子非常重视道德教育,并积极探索德育方法,形成了“射者正己”的身教示范法、“不助苗长”的循序渐进法等德育一般方法,“反求诸己”的自我教育法、“苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤”的意志锻炼法等道德修养方法,以及“引而不发”的启发教育法、“时雨化之”的因材施教法等道德教化方法。这些方法对于当代德育仍具有重要的借鉴价值。

The Moral Educational Methods Contained in Mencius' Thoughts

The moral educational methods are core research content on moral education. The efficient ones are those suitable for moral educational process, object, reflecting moral educational law, fulfilling moral educational targets. Mencius not only paid attention to the moral education, but also probed actively into its practical methods, such as verbal instruction method:"the man who shoots should make himself honest"; step-by-step instruction method:"no helping young plant to grow", self-educational method: "ask oneself in turn"; the will exercising method:"frustrates his spirit and will, exhausts his muscles and bones, exposes him to starvation and poverty"; stimulating educational method:"guiding but no arousing"; method of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude:"timely rain turns". These methods have an important reference value to moral education in modern times.