茄果类蔬菜空间诱变育种变异材料的选育技术

研究了茄子、辣椒、番茄航天搭载材料SP₁至SP₄代的变异发生情况。结果表明,搭载材料的变异主要出现在SP₂代,其变异频率一般在0.5%左右。进一步提出了茄果类蔬菜空间诱变育种的选育方法：即搭载种子应不少于500粒,SP₁代采用单株编号单株留种。SP₂代种植时应确保SP₁代留下的所有单株且群体不少于1 000株。选育重点在SP₂代,SP₂代留种时只选择变异株进行留种,对入选的变异材料采用单株编号单株留种。SP₃代将入选的SP₂代材料种植形成系圃。SP₃代及以后各世代,对有利用价值的变异株系均采取单株留种,下一代每株系种植30株以上,直到选出稳定的优良变异材料。

Breeding for variation materials of solanaceous vegetables by space mutation

Variations in the aromatic materials SP₁ to SP₄ generation of eggplant, pepper and tomato were investigated. The results showed that variations in the aromatic materials occurred in SP₂ generation, and the variation frequency was approximately 0.5% in general. Selective breeding for variation materials of solanaceous vegetables by space mutation was presented. The amount of spaceflight seeds should be not less than 500. Single plant of SP₁ generation was numbered and the seeds were reserved. All individuals from SP₁ generation should be kept and the population should be not less than 1 000 when SP₂ generation was planted. Selective breeding for SP₂ generation should be underlined. Only seeds of variants of SP₂ generation were reserved, and the selected variants were numbered and the seeds were reserved. The selected SP₂ generation materials were planted and formed line pool of SP₃ generation. The valuable variant seeds of SP₃ generation and subsequent generations were reserved. More than 30 plants from every line of next generation were planted until stable elite variation materials were selected out.