基于发展类型理念的多功能人工林经营模式研究

现代森林经营已经从木材导向的单一经营向探索森林多功能可持续经营和实现预期林相技术的转变，但人多地少的林情和不同的功能需求亟待改变长期以来追求木材产量的经营理念，导向社会与生态效益的多功能人工林模式。文中基于发展类型多功能人工林经营理念，探讨了多功能人工林经营模式下的概念框架、目标内容，重点阐述了多功能人工林经营的林分作业法设计，以杉木和木麻黄人工林经营模式为典型应用案例解释了森林发展类型的发展目标、树种比例、混交类型、近期营林措施等设计理念，以期为多功能人工林经营设计提供一种有效可行的思路与技术参考。

A Study of Multi-functional Forest Management Modes Based on Forest Development Type

Modern forest management emphasizes the transformation from timber-led forest management to multi-functional and sustainable forest management and pursues anticipated changes in stand structures. Moreover, the forest condition that is characterized by more people and less forest land, as well as the various functional demand, requests the change from the timber-oriented forest management to the multi-functional plantation model focusing on social and ecological benefits. The paper discussed the definition, framework, targets and contents of multi-functional plantation management model using the concept of forest development type, and elaborated the stand operation design for multi-functional plantation management. Plantations established with the species of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Casuarina equisetifolia were used as typical cases to explain the goals, species proportion, mixing type and near-term management measures for forest development type, which was expected to provide effective and feasible technical references for the design of multi-functional plantation management.