Carotenoid evolution during postharvest storage of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum conv. durum) and tritordeum (×Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner) grains |
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| Institution: | 1. Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Ctra. de Utrera, Km 1, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain;2. Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (CSIC), Apdo. 4084, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain;1. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco and Drug and Food Biotechnology Center, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara (NO), Italy;1. Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy;2. Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l''analisi dell''economia agraria, Unità di Ricerca per la Selezione dei Cereali e la Valorizzazione delle varietà vegetali (CREA-SCV), Via Forlani 3, 26866 S. Angelo Lodigiano, LO, Italy;1. Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CRA-Unità di Ricerca per la Valorizzazione Qualitativa dei Cereali), Via Cassia 176, 00191 Roma, Italy;2. Università Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy;3. CNR – Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29, 300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy;1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague – Suchdol, Czech Republic;2. Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Havlí?kova 2787/121, 767 01 Kromě?í?, Czech Republic;1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic;2. Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Havlí?kova 2787/121, 767 01 Kromě?í?, Czech Republic;1. School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia;2. Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The process of in vivo esterification of xanthophylls has proven to be an important part of the post-carotenogenesis metabolism which mediates their accumulation in plants. The biochemical characterization of this process is therefore necessary for obtaining new and improved crop varieties with higher carotenoid contents. This study investigates the impact of postharvest storage conditions on carotenoid composition, with special attention to the esterified pigments (monoesters, diesters and their regioisomers), in durum wheat and tritordeum, a novel cereal with remarkable carotenoid content. For tritordeum grains, the total carotenoid content decreased during the storage period in a clear temperature-dependent manner. On the contrary, carotenoid metabolism in durum wheat was very much dependent on the physiological adaptation of the grains to the imposed conditions. Interestingly, when thermal conditions were more intense (37 °C), a higher carotenoid retention was observed for tritordeum, and was directly related to the de novo esterification of the lutein induced by temperature. The profile of lutein monoester regioisomers was constant during storage, indicating that the regioisomeric selectivity of the XAT enzymes was not altered by temperature. These data can be useful for optimizing the storage conditions of grains favoring a greater contribution of carotenoids from these staple foods. |
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| Keywords: | Lutein esters Tritordeum Durum wheat Postharvest storage β-Carotene (PubChem CID: 5280489) Zeaxanthin (PubChem CID: 5280899) Lutein (PubChem CID: 5368396) |
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