Dense planting with less basal nitrogen fertilization might benefit rice cropping for high yield with less environmental impacts |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA;2. Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA;3. Department of Agricultural Economics, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA;4. Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA;5. Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID, USA;6. Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 10081, PR China;2. Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 65205, PR China;3. Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;1. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Rd. 800, Shanghai 200240, China;2. Research Centre for Low Carbon Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Rd. 800, Shanghai 200240, China;3. Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Dongchuan Rd. 800, Shanghai 200240, China;4. Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Morse Hall, College Road, NH 03824-3525, USA |
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| Abstract: | Dense planting and less basal nitrogen (N) fertilization have been recommended to further increase rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE), respectively. The objective of this study was to evaluate the integrative impacts of dense planting with reduced basal N application (DR) on rice yield, NUE and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Field experiments with one conventional sparse planting (CK) and four treatments of dense planting (increased seedlings per hill) with less basal N application were conducted in northeast China from 2012 to 2013. In addition, a two-factor experiment was conducted to isolate the effect of planting density and basal N rate on CH4 emission in 2013. Our results show that an increase in planting density by about 50% with a correspondingly reduction in basal N rate by about 30% (DR1 and DR2) enhanced NUE by 14.3–50.6% and rice grain yield by 0.5–7.4% over CK. Meanwhile, DR1 and DR2 reduced GWP by 6.4–12.6% and yield-scaled GWP by 7.0–17.0% over CK. According to the two-factor experiment, soil CH4 production and oxidation and CH4 emission were not affected by planting density. However, reduced basal N rate decreased CH4 emission due to it significantly reduced soil CH4 production with a smaller reduction in soil CH4 oxidation. The above results indicate that moderate dense planting with less basal N application might be an environment friendly mode for rice cropping for high yield and NUE with less GHG emissions. |
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| Keywords: | Greenhouse gases Rice production Nitrogen use efficiency Planting density Nitrogen fertilization |
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